Investment analysis report of heat exchanger industry in 2020
Overview of heat exchanger industry
Heat exchanger is a kind of equipment that transfers part of heat from heat fluid to cold fluid, also known as heat exchanger. Heat exchanger is an indispensable equipment for heat exchange and transfer in chemical production. In petroleum, chemical, light industry, pharmaceutical, energy and other industrial production, it is often used to heat or cool the low-temperature fluid, vaporize the liquid into steam or condense the steam into liquid.
Heat exchanger is not only a kind of unit equipment, such as heater, cooler and condenser, but also a part of a certain process equipment, such as the heat exchanger in ammonia synthesis tower. Heat exchanger is an important unit equipment in chemical production. According to statistics, the tonnage of heat exchanger accounts for about 20% of the whole process equipment, some even up to 30%. Its importance can be imagined. The heat exchanger industry involves nearly 30 kinds of industries, such as HVAC, pressure vessels, water treatment equipment, etc., forming an industrial chain with each other.
Introduction to main equipment types of heat exchanger
Shell and tube cooler
Equipment introduction
The shell and tube floating head structure cooler is composed of shell, inlet and outlet end covers, return end covers and tube groups. The fixed tube plate, movable tube plate, partition plate and sleeve are expanded with the tube plate at both ends of the cooling tube to form a non detachable tube group. The pipe group penetrates into the shell body from the fixed end flange of the shell, and the slideway strip of the pipe group helps the pipe group smoothly enter the shell body, and prevents the short circuit of the flowing medium at the shell side. The two sides of the fixed tube plate of the tube group are respectively connected with the inlet and outlet end covers and the shell fixed end flanges, with gasket in the middle, connected and sealed with bolts; a rubber (O-type) seal ring is installed in the gap between the shell movable end flange and the outer circumference of the movable tube plate, and a group of bolts are used to compress the stop of the return water cover and the O-type rubber seal ring, and the cold and hot medium at the movable end are sealed.
Working principle
In the shell and tube cooler, the lubricating oil, hydraulic oil or fresh water operates outside the tube (shell side), and the cooling water operates inside the tube (tube side). The high-temperature medium flows into the shell from the inlet pipe of the shell, and is guided by the split baffle plate. It flows through the surface of the cooling pipe at a high speed and crosswise. After the heat is released to the cooling water in the pipe, the temperature drops and is discharged by the outlet pipe. The cooling water enters the tube bundle from the inlet pipe of the inlet and outlet end caps, and flows back along the cooling pipe of the tube bundle. After absorbing the heat released by the fresh water on the shell side, the cooling water is discharged by the outlet pipe on the inlet and outlet end caps. The hot and cold media do not contact each other during the heat exchange process.
Gas cooler for motor
Equipment introduction
Gas cooler for motor is mainly composed of inlet and outlet water cover, return water cover and cooling core group. The cooling core group is composed of fin group, tube plate and side plate. Tube plate and side plate, water cover and tube plate are respectively connected by bolts, and gasket is used between them to ensure the sealing of gas side and water side. The structure is characterized in that two tube plates are fixed on the two ends of the two side plates to form a core group as a whole. The side plate and the tube plate (sometimes the water cover) form a rectangular flange sealing surface. The flange surface is provided with screw holes or through holes, which are connected with the air inlet interface on the motor. The water cover is generally divided into the inlet and outlet end cover and return end cover. The upper part (the highest part) of the end cover is provided with an exhaust interface and a plug, and the lower part (the lowest part) is provided with a drain interface and a plug. According to the actual situation or requirements provided by the user, some end covers of coolers are also provided with anti-corrosion zinc bars (or zinc blocks).
Working principle
The cooler is installed in the air inlet pipe of the motor. The high-temperature gas enters the cooling core group of the cooler. The air flow flows horizontally through the fins of the core group. After the heat is released to the cooling water in the pipe, the temperature drops. The cooled gas flows from the outlet side of the cooler to the motor winding for operation. The cooling water is connected from the inlet of the inlet and outlet water covers. After the heat released by the hot gas is absorbed along the cooling pipe, the cooling water is discharged from the outlet pipe of the inlet and outlet water covers. In the process of heat exchange, the hot and cold media do not contact.
Blower intercooler
Equipment introduction
The intercooler is composed of air cooler and shell:
- ① Air cooler: the air cooler has the function of heat exchange between hot and cold media. It is a drawer type structure and consists of the inlet and outlet end covers, return water covers, cooling core groups and separators. Cooling core group is the core component, which has fixed tube plate (large tube plate), movable tube plate (small tube plate), fin tube group, side plate, reinforcing plate and other main parts. The separator is installed on the side plate of the air outlet side of the core group, which is used to separate the condensed water separated from the air after cooling. The condensed water is led into the shell body from the drain ports at both ends under the separator, and then discharged from the condensed water outlet of the shell. The upper part of the water inlet and outlet end cover is equipped with a vent plug, and the lower part is equipped with a drain port.
- ② Shell: the shell is used to support the air cooler and guide the reasonable flow of compressed air. A round cylinder with a ball head at one end, which is composed of a cylinder, a head and a sealing plate. One air inlet and one air outlet pipe are welded on the cylinder, two supports are welded under the cylinder for horizontal installation and fixation of the intercooler; three kinds of spacer bars are welded in the cylinder to control the flow direction of compressed air; a large hole is opened in the sealing plate at the other end of the cylinder, and the air cooler enters and exits and is installed in the shell, and the square hole is surrounded by screw holes, It can be connected and fixed with the large tube plate of the air cooler with bolts, and the middle part is sealed with gasket. The shell is also equipped with a support seat with a roller to support the air cooler. A condensate outlet seat is set at both ends of the lower part of the cylinder to continuously discharge the condensate during operation.
Working principle
The air cooler is horizontally placed in the shell body, and the two side plates are arranged on the top and bottom of the core group. The high-temperature charge air enters the shell from the inlet pipe of the shell, flows through the fin tube group of the core group after being guided by the spacer bars, and the temperature drops after the heat is released to the cooling water in the tube, and the cooled air is discharged by the outlet pipe after being guided by the spacer bars. The cooling water is connected from the inlet of the inlet and outlet end caps, and is discharged from the outlet pipe of the inlet and outlet end caps after the heat released by the hot air is absorbed along the cooling pipe. In the process of heat exchange, the hot and cold media do not contact.
After the high temperature air is cooled by the core group of the air cooler, when it flows through the separator set at the air outlet side of the air cooler, the supersaturated water vapor will be condensed and separated out by the impact of the vertically arranged blade group, and then discharged through the condensate outlet of the separator and the shell.
Charge air cooler of diesel engine
Equipment introduction
The charge air cooler of diesel engine is mainly composed of water cover at both ends and cooling core group. The cooling core group is composed of fin group, tube plate and side plate. The tube plate and the side plate, the water cover and the tube plate are respectively fastened with bolts, and the gasket is used between them to ensure the sealing of the gas side and the water side. The feature of fixed side plate air cooler is that two tube plates are fixed on both ends of side plate to form a core group. The side plate and the tube plate (sometimes the water cover) form a rectangular flange sealing surface, on which there are screw holes or through holes. The intake pipe of the diesel engine is connected with the supercharger and the intake pipe. In order to export the condensate generated during the operation, the side plate or the pipe plate (end cover) is provided with a condensate discharge channel and interface. Some air coolers do not have a discharge channel and interface, so the user will consider the condensate export in the air channel of the diesel engine. The water cover is generally divided into the inlet and outlet end cover and return end cover. The upper part (the highest part) of the end cover is provided with an exhaust interface and a plug, and the lower part (the lowest part) is provided with a drain interface and a plug. The end cover of air cooler of marine diesel engine is also provided with anti-corrosion zinc rod (or zinc block).
Working principle
The air cooler is installed in the intake pipe of the diesel engine. The high-temperature charge air enters the cooling core group of the air cooler from the supercharger end, and the high-speed air flow flows through the fins of the core group transversely. After the heat is released to the cooling water in the pipe, the temperature drops. The cooled charge air flows from the outlet side of the air cooler to the cylinder of the diesel engine through the pipe (or scavenging box). The cooling water is connected from the inlet of the inlet and outlet end caps, and is discharged from the outlet pipe of the inlet and outlet end caps after the heat released by the hot air is absorbed along the cooling pipe. In the process of heat exchange, the hot and cold media do not contact.
After the high temperature air is cooled by the core group of the air cooler, when it flows through the separator set at the air outlet side of the air cooler, the supersaturated water gas will become condensed water and be discharged through the drain joint of the separator and the shell due to the collision of the vertically arranged blade group.
Cooler for air compressor
Equipment introduction
Fixed cooler is composed of body, water inlet and outlet cover, return end cover, support and other parts, in which the tube plate and shell are connected by welding, and the clapboard and sleeve are expanded with the tube plate at both ends of the cooling tube to form a non detachable body. The water inlet and outlet covers, return end covers and tube plates at both ends of the body are respectively connected with gaskets and bolts to ensure the sealing between the water end covers and tube plates.
Working principle
Air and oil flow into the internal or external space of the shell and are forced by the circular gap to flow across the tube bundle. After heat is released to the cooling water in the tube, the temperature drops and is discharged by the outlet pipe. The cooling water enters the inlet connecting pipe of the water inlet and outlet cover, and flows back along the cooling pipe for many times. After absorbing the heat released by air or oil, it is discharged by the outlet connecting pipe of the water inlet and outlet cover. During the heat exchange process, the cold and hot media do not contact each other.
Industry analysis
Competent department and supervision system
The manufacturing industry of heat exchanger shall be supervised by the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of industry and information technology, the Ministry of science and technology, the State Administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine and other departments, and self-discipline management shall be carried out by the industry association.
The national development and Reform Commission is the macro management department, which mainly performs the functions of macro-control and macro-management by studying and formulating industrial policies, putting forward medium and long-term industrial development guidance and guiding opinions.
The Ministry of industry and information technology is responsible for formulating industrial development plans, plans and industrial policies, putting forward policy suggestions for optimizing industrial layout and structure, drafting relevant laws and regulations, formulating rules, formulating industrial technical specifications and standards and organizing their implementation, guiding the quality management of the industry, preparing and organizing the implementation of energy conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources and cleaner production promotion in the industry and communication industry To promote policies, to participate in the formulation of plans for energy conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources and promotion of cleaner production, and to organize and coordinate the promotion and application of relevant major demonstration projects and new products, technologies, equipment and materials.
The Ministry of science and technology is responsible for leading the formulation of science and technology development plans, guidelines and policies, drafting relevant laws and regulations, coordinating research on generic technology as a whole, and organizing scheme demonstration, comprehensive balance, evaluation and acceptance in the implementation of major science and technology projects in conjunction with relevant departments.
AQSIQ is responsible for the formulation of technical standards and quality certification, the supervision and management of national special equipment operators, and the quality and technical supervision departments above the county level are responsible for the supervision and management of special equipment operators within their jurisdiction.
China Special Equipment Inspection Association (hereinafter referred to as “China special inspection association”) is an inspection and testing organization approved by the national special equipment safety supervision and administration department and a work unit with corresponding inspection and testing qualifications. It is a national commercial and non-profit social organization voluntarily formed in accordance with legal procedures and the Association’s articles of association, and has the independent legal personality. Since its establishment, the competent business unit of China special inspection association is the General Administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine. Authorized and entrusted by the special equipment safety supervision bureau, it has undertaken a lot of government affairs assigned by the government, including the appraisal and evaluation of relevant units and institutions, the qualification assessment of relevant personnel, the drafting or revision of various relevant laws and regulations, standards, etc.
The general machinery industry association of China, which is subordinate to China Machinery Industry Federation, undertakes the self-discipline responsibilities of various sub industries. When the heat exchanger is used in various industrial fields, it is guided and supervised by various industrial associations, such as China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association, China Iron and Steel Industry Association, China Refrigeration and air conditioning industry association, China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, China Electricity Enterprise Federation, etc.
In order to promote the rapid development of China’s general equipment industry, our government and industry organizations have formulated industry related industrial policies and industry plans, and made clear the development direction and industrial support policies of general equipment manufacturing industry. Among them, the main industrial policies and industrial development plans related to the heat exchanger industry are as follows:
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Name |
Release time |
Publishing unit |
Related content |
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“12th Five-Year” energy conservation and environmental protection industry development plan “ |
June 2012 |
The State Council |
We should improve the key technologies and equipment for the promotion of waste heat power generation, and demonstrate and popularize technologies and equipment such as low calorific value gas turbine, sintering and steelmaking flue gas, dry heat recovery, steam and condensate closed recovery, screw expansion power drive, centralized heat supply based on absorption heat transfer, and vigorously promote efficient heat exchangers, accumulators, condensers, dry quenching and other equipment. |
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Investment guide for industrial transformation and upgrading |
December 2011 |
Ministry of industry and information technology |
The task of equipment improvement area is to focus on improving the level of R & D and system integration of equipment, speeding up the upgrading of equipment products, supporting the application of systems and equipment such as flexible manufacturing system, large scale and complete sets of technical equipment, and improving the digitalization, systematization, intellectualization, networking and automation level of production and R & D test equipment, improving the quality of industrial products and meeting the safety requirements. Demand for production, energy conservation and emission reduction will promote industrial transformation and upgrading. |
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Comprehensive work plan for energy saving and emission reduction in 12th Five-Year |
September 2011 |
The State Council |
Guided by Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of “Three Represents”, we should thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, persist in reducing the intensity of energy consumption, reduce the total discharge of major pollutants, and reasonably control the total amount of energy consumption, and form a forced mechanism to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development. We should continue to optimize the industrial structure, promote technological progress, strengthen engineering measures, and strengthen management guidance to improve energy efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. We should further promote the pattern of energy conservation and emission reduction led by the government, enterprises as the main body, effective market driven efforts and the participation of the whole society, so as to ensure the realization of “12th Five-Year”.The goal of energy conservation and emission reduction is to speed up the construction of a resource conserving and environment-friendly society. |
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Outline of the Twelfth Five Year Plan for national economic and social development. |
March 2011 |
National People’s Congress |
We should optimize the structure, improve the quality of varieties, enhance the supporting capacity of industries, eliminate backward production capacity, develop advanced equipment manufacturing industry, adjust and optimize the raw material industry, transform and upgrade the consumer goods industry, and promote the manufacturing industry to become stronger. The equipment manufacturing industry should improve the level of R & D and system integration of basic technology, basic materials, basic components, and strengthen the R & D and industrialization of major technology complete sets of equipment, so as to promote the intellectualization of equipment products. |
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Decision of the State Council on accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries |
October 2010 |
The State Council |
According to the characteristics of strategic emerging industries and based on China’s national conditions, science and technology and industrial foundation, we should focus on nurturing and developing energy-saving, environmental protection, new generation of information technology, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials, new energy vehicles and other industries. |
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China Energy Conservation Technology Policy Outline (2006) |
December 2006 |
Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of science and technology |
Develop high efficiency, long life and heat exchanger, such as shell and tube heat exchanger, bellows heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, spiral tube heat exchanger, new high efficiency jet heat exchanger, fluidized bed heat exchanger, silicon carbide heat exchanger, ceramic heat exchanger, heat exchanger and heat pipe. |
Introduction of upstream and downstream industries
The upstream industries of heat exchanger manufacturing industry are mainly stainless steel, copper, aluminum and other raw materials industries. The price and performance of raw materials have a great impact on the quality, manufacturing cost and product performance of heat exchanger. At present, the sufficient capacity of stainless steel, copper and aluminum ensures the stable and sufficient supply of raw materials.
Heat exchanger is widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, ship, machinery, HVAC, food, pharmaceutical, aviation, environmental protection, urban heating and other industrial fields, with the following applications:
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Application industry |
Main uses |
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petroleum industry |
Heating and cooling of various oils, ethylene cold box Condensation and cooling of top gas Factory cooling water and circulating water system Purification of natural gas and purification of factory gases Working acid water treatment Waste heat recovery Marine drilling platform is heat recovery by sea water cooling, circulating fresh water cooling, desalting plant, fresh water distillation, and three glycol dehydration. |
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chemical industry |
Heating and cooling of various concentrations of alkali liquor and electrolyte Sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, oxygen heating, cooling, evaporation, condensation Cooling of formaldehyde, methanol and ethanol Desalting process and heat recovery unit Alcohol fermentation and extraction Heating and cooling of man made fiber industry, acrylonitrile fiber, resin and polymers Production of pesticides, dyes, coatings, additives, biological agents and cosmetics. |
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metallurgical industry |
Direct or indirect cooler for coke oven Electric arc furnace body, water cooling cover plate, ferroalloy furnace body, electric plate support, transformer, mold cooling, continuous casting machine cooling Cooling of lubricating oil and gear oil for strip hot rolling mill, cogging machine, strip cold rolling mill and thin strip mill Hydraulic oil, coking plant water, floating liquid, ammonia bath liquid and boiler water cooling Compressor coolant, feed water, machine coolant cooling Closed circuit cooling system for aluminum smelters, alumina refineries and copper smelters Electrolyte cooling of tin plating and zinc production line |
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Shipbuilding Industry |
Central cooler, fresh water cooler, diesel engine cooler and cylinder liner water cooler. Lubricating oil and transmission oil cooling Preheating of heavy fuel oil and diesel preheating |
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Power industry |
Air preheater, steam superheater, condenser and heater, circulation cooler and air cooler. Flue gas heat exchanger with flue gas desulfurization and waste heat recovery Central cooling system and turbine oil cooler Circulating water, rinsing coolant, transmission oil cooling Cooling of steam turbines, engines and compressors Heat recovery of power station Conventional island and nuclear island cooling for nuclear power plants Bearing, vacuum pump and pump cooler Cooler for transformer oil and silicon rectifier pure water Cooler for polysilicon production of raw materials for solar photovoltaic power generation |
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HVAC |
Two heat exchanger of urban central heating supply center Treatment of water heating, swimming pool heating Heat pump station, heat recovery station, geothermal station, solar energy station Central cooling system of heating water preheating air conditioning station Refrigeration and air-conditioning evaporator and condenser |
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Machinery industry |
Oil cooler and intercooler for automobile, construction machinery and agricultural machinery Machine cooling Emulsion, hydraulic oil, transmission oil, lubricating oil cooling Kiln water cooling Heating of pickling pool and phosphating line |
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Shipbuilding Industry |
Central cooler, fresh water cooler, diesel engine cooler and cylinder liner water cooler. Lubricating oil and transmission oil cooling Preheating of heavy fuel oil and diesel preheating |
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food industry |
Heating, cooling, evaporation, sterilization and crystallization of various foods, beverages, fruit juices, beer, etc. Heating and cooling of cooking oil Fatty acid cooling |
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Pharmaceutical industry |
Emulsion cooling Suspension, plasma, citric acid heating Heating, cooling, condensing and sterilization of all kinds of medicine and pure water |
Industry development trend
Market trend
Technology trend
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① Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and modeling design are applied to heat flow analysis of heat exchanger. Computer technology is introduced to simulate the complex flow process of medium in heat exchanger quantitatively. At present, heat flow analysis based on computer technology has been used in direct simulation of natural convection, stripping flow, vibration flow and turbulent heat conduction, as well as mechanism simulation of radiation heat transfer, multiphase flow and viscous flow. On this basis, in the model design and development of heat exchanger, using CFD analysis results and corresponding model experimental data, using computer to design the heat exchanger more accurately and carefully.
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② Development of heat exchanger enhanced heat transfer technology. The enhanced heat transfer technology, which mainly adopts the enhanced heat transfer elements and improves the structure of the heat exchanger, is an energy-saving technology that can significantly improve the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. According to different conditions of heat transfer and different conditions of heat transfer, the research of heat transfer enhancement in shell side is bound to be connected with the optimal combination of enhanced heat transfer tubes, which is the development direction of heat exchanger enhanced heat transfer technology in the future. In response to the national strategic measures of energy conservation and emission reduction, the research on efficient energy-saving heat exchanger has become a hot topic in the field of heat exchange, and the manufacture of heat exchanger has developed to a high-end direction.
Industry life cycle
The relevant departments of the state have higher and higher requirements for industrial enterprises to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption. High efficiency heat exchanger will become an important equipment to speed up domestic energy conservation and emission reduction, and the manufacturing industry of high efficiency heat exchanger will usher in a golden period of development. At present, shell and tube heat exchanger has entered the mature stage of the industry as a whole; plate heat exchanger, plate fin heat exchanger, air-cooled heat exchanger and other products are in the growth stage, with good prospects for development. The industry life cycle of various types of heat exchanger is generally as follows:
Analysis of market scale of heat exchanger
Based on the demand growth of heat exchanger in petroleum, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and other industries, China’s heat exchanger industry will maintain a stable growth in the future. It is expected that from 2014 to 2020, China’s heat exchanger industry will maintain an average annual growth rate of about 10% – 15%, and the scale of China’s heat exchanger industry is expected to reach 150 billion yuan by 2020.
Investment proposal
Investment ideas
Industrial policies and national standards support industrial development
The downstream market has a huge capacity and a bright future
The upstream raw material supply is sufficient to support the rapid development of the industry
Investment risk
Macroeconomic fluctuation risk
Price fluctuation risk of raw materials
Policy risk
Source: Network Arrangement – China Tube Sheet Manufacturer – Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited (www.steeljrv.com)
(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)
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