Nickel Alloy: Monel 400 (UNS N04400)
UNS N04400 or DIN W.Nr. 2.4360 / 2.4361, Monel 400 (also known as “Alloy 400”) is a solid-solution nickel-copper alloy with high strength and excellent resistance in a range of media, including seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and alkalies. The Alloy 400 is also very resistant to stress-corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion in most fresh and industrial waters. Monel 400 is widely used in many fields such as marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, valves, pumps, shafts, flanges, fittings, fasteners, and heat exchangers.
Contents:
- Chemical Analysis
- Typical Physical Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Yield Strength – Temperature Chart
- Tensile Strength – Temperature Table
- Weldability, Workability & Heat Treatment
- Modulus of Elasticity
- Thermal Conductivity & Thermal Diffusivity
- Thermal Expansion Properties
- Allowable Stress – Temperature
- Product Forms and Standards
- Monel 400 Ring
- ASTM B163 Monel 400 Seamless Tube
- ASTM B165 UNS N04400(Monel 400) Seamless Pipe & Tube
- Monel 400 Flanges
- ASME B16.5 Class 150 Flange
- Analysis on Ductility and Fracture
- Elevated Temperatures
- High-Temperature Tension Test Procedures
- ERNiCu-7 Filler Metal for Welding
Monel 400 fasteners: stud bolts with nuts.
1. Chemical Composition Requirements of Monel 400
The Chemical Composition of Monel 400, % | |
---|---|
Nickel | ≥63.0 |
Carbon | ≤0.30 |
Manganese | ≤2.0 |
Iron | ≤2.50 |
Sulfur | ≤0.024 |
Silicon | ≤0.50 |
Copper | 28.0-34.0 |
2. Typical Physical Properties
A floating ball valve, 150#, CF8M body, Monel 400 trims for marine use.
Density | Melting Range | Curie Temperature | Electrisity Resistivity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g/cm3 | lb/in3 | °F | °C | °F | °C | µΩ·m |
8.80 | 0.318 | 2370-2460 | 1300-1350 | 70-120 | 21-49 | 547 |
3. Mechanical Properties of Monel 400
Tensile Strength, min. | Yield Strength, min. | Elongation, min | Hardness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mpa | ksi | Mpa | ksi | % | HB |
550 | 80 | 240 | 35 | 40 | 110-150 |
4. Yield Strength – Temperature Chart of Monel 400
1). Yield Strength – Temperature for Monel 400 Group A
Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 25.0 | 23.0 | 21.9 | 21.0 | 20.4 | 20.0 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 19.7 |
Temperature, °F | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 19.7 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 19.6 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 18.8 | – |
*The “Temperature” shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
*Group A includes Monel 400(UNS N04400) materials:(1)bar of ASME SB164, annealed; (2)seamless pipe & tube of ASME SB165, annealed, with O.D>5″; (3)ASTM B564 forgings, annealed.
2). Yield Strength – Temperature for Monel 400 Group B
Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 28.0 | 25.8 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.4 | 22.1 | 22.0 | 22.0 |
Temperature, °F | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 21.9 | 21.7 | 21.4 | 21.2 | 21.1 | – |
*The “Temperature” shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
*Group B includes Monel 400(UNS N04400) materials:(1)plate of ASME B127, annealed; (2)seamless tube of ASME SB-163, O.D<3″ annealed; (3)ASME SB165 seamless pipe & tube with O.D≤5″, annealed; (4)seamless and welded fittings of ASME SB-366, annealed.
3). Yield Strength – Temperature for Monel 400 Group C
Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 40.0 | 39.5 | 38.8 | 37.9 | 37.1 | 36.4 | 35.9 | 35.5 | 35.2 |
Temperature, °F | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 34.9 | 34.7 | 34.4 | 34.0 | 33.5 | 32.9 | 32.3 | 31.6 | – |
*The “Temperature” shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
*Group C includes Monel 400(UNS N04400) materials: (1)plate of ASME SB127, as-rolled & tempered condition; (2)hot-rolled round bar of ASME SB-164, O.D≤14″.
4). Yield Strength – Temperature for Monel 400 Group D
Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Yield Strength, ksi, D1 | 50.0 | 47.2 | 45.8 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 44.2 | 42.1 | 42.1 | 41.8 | 40.4 |
Yield Strength, ksi, D2 | 55.0 | 51.8 | 50.4 | 49.7 | 49.2 | 48.1 | 47.3 | 46.3 | 45.3 | 44.4 |
Yield Strength, ksi, D3 | 60.0 | 56.6 | 54.9 | 54.0 | 54.0 | 53.0 | 50.5 | 50.5 | 50.1 | 48.5 |
Yield Strength, ksi, D4 | 85.0 | 80.2 | 77.8 | 76.5 | 76.5 | 75.1 | 71.6 | 71.6 | 71.0 | 68.7 |
*The “Temperature” shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
*Group D includes Monel 400(UNS N04400) materials: D1-round bar of ASME SB-164, cold rolled & stress relieved, O.D<0.5″; D2-round bar of ASME SB-164, cold rolled & stress relieved, 3.5″<O.D≤4″; D3-round bar of ASME SB-164, cold rolled & stress relieved, 0.5″≤O.D≤3.5″; D4-round bar of ASME SB-164, cold rolled & tempered, O.D<0.5″.
5). Yield Strength – Temperature for Monel 400 Group E
Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 55.0 | 52.9 | 51.8 | 51.0 | 50.4 | 50.0 | 49.7 | 49.5 |
Temperature, °F | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 |
Yield Strength, ksi | 49.2 | 48.7 | 48.1 | 47.3 | 46.3 | 45.3 | 44.4 | – |
*The “Temperature” shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
*Group E includes Monel 400(UNS N04400) materials: (1)ASTM B163 seamless tube, stress relieved; (2)ASTM B165 seamless pipe & tube, stress relieved.
5. Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 of Different Forms
1). Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 Group A
Temperature | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 |
Tensile Strength | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 |
Temperature | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
Tensile Strength | 69.7 | 67.3 | 64.1 | 60.3 | 56.4 | 52.9 | 50.5 |
*The unit of temperature: °F, not exceeding; the unit of tensile strength: ksi.
*Group A refers to Monel 400 materials in product form of:(1)bar of ASME SB164, annealed, hot- or cold-worked; (2)seamless pipe & tube of ASME SB165, annealed; (3)ASME SB564 UNS N04400 forging, annealed; (4)plate of ASTM B127, annnealed; (5)seamless tube of ASTM B163 with O.D≤3″, annealed; (6)Gr.WPNC seamless & welding fittings of ASME SB-366, annealed.
2). Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 Group B
Temperature | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 |
Tensile Strength | 75.0 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 75.0 | 74.9 |
Temperature | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
Tensile Strength | 72.3 | 69.0 | 65.1 | 60.8 | 56.6 | 53.1 | 50.8 |
*The unit of temperature: °F, not exceeding; the unit of tensile strength: ksi.
*Group B refers to Monel 400 materials in product form of: (1) Bar or rod of ASTM B164, hot worked; (2) Plate of ASTM B127, as-rolled; (3) Round bar of ASME SB164 with 12″<O.D≤14″, hot worked.
3). Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 Group C
Temperature | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Tensile Strength | 80.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 79.9 | 78.7 | 77.3 | 75.3 | 72.4 | 68.6 |
*The unit of temperature: °F, not exceeding; the unit of tensile strength: ksi.
*Group C refers to Monel 400 round bars of ASME SB164 with O.D≤12″, hot-worked.
4). Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 Group D
Temperature | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Tensile Strength | 84.0 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 83.9 | 82.6 | 81.2 | 79.0 | 76.0 | 72.0 |
*The unit of temperature: °F, not exceeding; the unit of tensile strength: ksi.
*Group D refers to Monel 400 round bars of ASME SB164 with O.D<1/2″ & 3.5″<O.D≤4″, cold rolled, stress relieved.
5). Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 Group E
Temperature | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 |
Tensile Strength | 85.0 | 85.0 | 85.0 | 84.9 | 84.9 | 83.7 | 82.2 |
Temperature | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
Tensile Strength | 79.9 | 76.8 | 72.9 | 68.6 | 64.2 | 60.2 | 57.5 |
*The unit of temperature: °F, not exceeding; the unit of tensile strength: ksi.
*Group E refers to seamless tube of ASTM B163/ B165 UNS N04400 seamless pipe or tube, stress relieved.
6). Tensile Strength – Temperature Table for Monel 400 Group F
Temperature | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Tensile Strength, *a | 87.0 | 87.0 | 87.0 | 87.0 | 86.9 | 85.6 | 84.1 | 81.9 | 78.7 | 74.6 |
Tensile Strength, *b | 110.0 | 110.0 | 110.0 | 110.0 | 109.9 | 108.2 | 106.3 | 103.5 | 99.6 | 94.3 |
*The unit of temperature: °F, not exceeding; the unit of tensile strength: ksi.
*a refers to ASME SB164 UNS N04400 round bar with 0.5″≤O.D≤3.5″ cold-rolled & stress-relieved.
*b refers to ASME SB164 UNS N04400 round bar with O.D<0.5″ cold rolled.
6. Weldability, Workability & Heat Treatment
ASTM B165 Monel 400 seamless pipes, UNS N04400, 1″(O.D) x 0.065″(W.T) x 12″(L).
Monel 400 can be readily joined by welding processes including shielded metal arc welding(SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding(GMAW). Corresponding fillers or electrodes shall be selected. Since Alloy 400 is softer than most steels, it can be hot formed or cold formed into almost any shape following with machining process. Generally, Monel 400 products should be annealed at a temperature of 1470°F (full annealing) and pickling is often required to produce bright and clean surfaces on the alloy.
7. Modulus of Elasticity of Monel 400
Temperature, °F | -325 | -200 | -100 | 70 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
Modulus of Elasticity, E | 27.8 | 27.2 | 26.8 | 26.0 | 25.5 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 24.3 | 23.9 |
Temperature, °F | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1100 | 1200 | 1300 | 1400 | 1500 |
Modulus of Elasticity, E | 23.6 | 23.1 | 22.7 | 22.2 | 21.7 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 19.4 |
*The unit of modulus of elasticity shall be “106 psi”.
*The moduli of elasticity of Monel 400 at different temperatures.
8. Thermal Conductivity & Thermal Diffusivity of Monel 400
1). Thermal Conductivity of Monel 400(UNS N04400)
Temperature, °F | 70 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
Thermal Conductivity | 12.6 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 16.6 | 17.0 |
Temperature, °F | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
Thermal Conductivity | 17.5 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 19.3 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 20.9 | 21.5 | 22.0 |
*The unit of thermal conductivity is Btu/hr-ft-°F.
2). Thermal Diffusivity of Monel 400(UNS N04400)
Temperature, °F | 70 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
Thermal Diffusivity | 0.224 | 0.228 | 0.234 | 0.241 | 0.247 | 0.254 | 0.261 | 0.268 |
Temperature, °F | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Thermal Diffusivity | 0.275 | 0.280 | 0.285 | 0.289 | 0.291 | 0.292 | 0.293 | 0.293 |
*The unit of thermal diffusivity is ft2/hr.
9. Thermal Expansion Properties of Monel 400
1). Instantaneous Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Monel 400
Temperature, °F | 70 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
Coefficent A | 7.7 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 |
Temperature, °F | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
Coefficent A | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 |
Temperature, °F | 1050 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 |
Coefficent A | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 |
*A refers to the instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion of Monel 400 with an unit of 10-6in./in./°F.
2). Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Monel 400
Temperature, °F | -325 | -150 | -50 | 70 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
Coefficent B | 5.8 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.5 |
Temperature, °F | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 |
Coefficent B | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 |
Temperature, °F | 1000 | 1050 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 |
Coefficent B | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 |
*B refers to the mean coefficient of thermal expansion of Monel 400 with an unit of 10-6in./in./°F.
*The tabulated temperature values shall be interpreted as “going from 70°F to the indicated temperature”.
3). Linear Thermal Expansion of Monel 400
Temperature, °F | -325 | -150 | -50 | 70 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
Coefficent C | -2.7 | -1.8 | -1.0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.4 |
Temperature, °F | 450 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 | 950 |
Coefficent C | 3.9 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.5 |
Temperature, °F | 1000 | 1050 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 |
Coefficent C | 10.1 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 13.0 | 13.6 | 14.2 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 16.0 |
*C refers to the linear thermal expansion of Monel 400 with an unit of in./100 ft.
*The tabulated temperature values shall be interpreted as “going from 70°F to the indicated temperature”.
ASTM B164 UNS N04400, hot rolled bars 50mm x 1.2m, annealed.
The tabulated data in above 3 tables are for information and it is not to be implied that Monel 400 materials are suitable for all temperature ranges shown.
10. Allowable Stress – Temperature of Monel 400
1). Monel 400 Group 1: Allowable Stress – Temperature Table
Metal Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 16.7 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 |
Metal Temperature, °F | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 13.1 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 11.0 | 8.0 |
*Group 1 refers to Monel 400 bar, seamless pipe & tube (>5″ in OD), and forging of annealed condition.
*Metal temperature shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
2). Monel 400 Group 2: Allowable Stress – Temperature Table
Metal Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 18.7 | 16.4 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 |
Metal Temperature, °F | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 14.7 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 14.3 | 11.0 | 8.0 |
*Group 2 refers to Monel 400 plate, seamless tube(≤3″), seamless pipe & tube(≤5″), seamless & welded fittings of annealed condition.
*Metal temperature shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
3). Monel 400 Group 3: Allowable Stress – Temperature Table
Metal Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.6 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 17.3 |
Metal Temperature, °F | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 17.2 | 17.0 | 16.8 | 14.5 | 8.5 | 4.0 |
*Group 3 refers to Monel 400 hot-worked bars(ASME SB164) with hexagonal section(54mm ~102mm).
*Metal temperature shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
4). Monel 400 Group 4: Allowable Stress – Temperature Table
Metal Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 |
Metal Temperature, °F | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 21.4 | 20.7 | 18.5 | 14.5 | 8.5 | 4.0 |
*Group 4 refers to Monel 400 as-rolled plate and hot-worked bar or rod with round, square or rectangle section(305mm~356mm).
*Metal temperature shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
5). Monel 400 Group 5: Allowable Stress – Temperature Table
Metal Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 22.9 | 22.9 | 22.9 | 22.9 | 22.9 | 22.9 |
Metal Temperature, °F | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 | 850 | 900 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 22.8 | 22.0 | 18.5 | 14.5 | 8.5 | 4.0 |
*Group 5 refers to Monel 400 hot worked bars with round, square or rectangle section ≤305mm, or with hexagonal section ≤54mm.
*Metal temperature shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
6). Monel 400 Group 6: Allowable Stress – Temperature Table
Metal Temperature, °F | -20~100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 |
Metal Temperature, °F | 600 | 650 | 700 | 750 | 800 |
Max. Allowable Stress, ksi | 23.9 | 23.5 | 22.8 | 18.0 | 12.7 |
*Group 6 refers to Monel 400 seamless tube (ASME SB163), seamless pipe & tube(ASME SB165) funished in stress-relieving condition.
*Metal temperature shall be interpreted as “not exceeding”.
All tabulated values above are based on ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section II, Part D.
11. Product Forms and Standards of Monel 400
Butt-welding pipe fittings: ASTM B366, Monel 400 elbows, tees, reducers.
Product Form | Standard |
---|---|
Plate, Strip, Sheet | ASTM B127, DIN 17750 |
Bar, Rod, Wire | ASTM B164, AMS 4675 |
Seamless Pipe & Tube | ASTM B165, B829, B163 |
Welded Pipe & Tube | ASTM B725, B730, B751, B775 |
Welded Fittings | ASTM B366 |
Forged Flanges and Fittings | ASTM B564 |
Recently, Yaang has supplied a nickel-copper alloy Monel 400 ring to a Korean client. The ring was forged to ASTM B564 UNS N04400 annealing heat treated and was delivered to an US client in Houston.
The Monel 400 ring, forged to ASTM B564 UNS N04400; size: 416 mm x 315 mm x 148 mm; annealed.
The PMI test (spectrum inspection) conducted for the Monel 400 ring.
Actual Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties of Monel 400 Ring
Item | C | Mn | Si | S | Cu | Ni | Fe | *Y.S | *T.S | *EL. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monel 400 Ring | 0.11 | 1.35 | 0.21 | 0.002 | 32.47 | 63.59 | 2.08 | 245 | 580 | 45 |
*For chemical composition, unit: wt %; Y.S, T.S, EL.: yield strength MPa, tensile strength MPa, elongation %.
Monel 400 (UNS N04400) seamless tubes manufactured to ASTM B163 are mainly used for condenser or heat-exchanger service. These tubes are generally furnished in small size with light wall: from 3″ (76.2 mm) and under in outside diameter with minimum wall thickness of 0.148″ (3.76 mm) and under, and with an average wall thickness of 0.165″(4.19 mm) and under.
ASTM B163 Monel 400 tubes 1″x0.065″x12ft.
Manufacture, Condition, Finish, Hydro Test Pressure
The Monel 400 tubes of ASTM B163 can be manufactured by either hot-rolling or cold-rolling process. It shall be furnished in either annealed or stress-relieved condition with relative surface finishes. The hydrostatic test pressure for Monel 400 tubes shall be 17.5 ksi [120.6 MPa].
Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties
It has the same chemical composition as that of ASTM B165 UNS N04400. Mechanical properties are listed below,
Condition |
Tensile Strength, min. ksi [MPa] |
Yield Strength, min. ksi [MPa] |
Elongation, min. % |
Hardness, HRB |
---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | 70 [483] | 28 [193] | 35 | – |
Stress-Relieved | 85 [586] | 55 [379] | 15 | ≤75 |
*The mechanical properties of ASTM B163 UNS N04400.
Bending of Tube
The tubes are usually bent to suit for condenser or heat-exchanger service. The minimum bending radius shall be determined by tube O.D, average tube wall, and condition of the tube.
U-Bent tubes of ASTM B163 UNS N04400.
Helical bent-coils made of ASTM B163 seamless tubes.
The ASTM B165 (identical to ASME SB-165) is the standard specification covering nickel-copper alloy Monel 400 (UNS N04400) in the form of cold-worked seamless pipe and tube. Yaang supplies Monel 400 seamless pipes sized from 2″ to 16″ covering nominal wall thicknesses of SCH10, SCH20, SCH40, SCH80, XS and STD.
ASTM B165 UNS N04400 seamless pipes, 4″ SCH80, butt welding ends.
Chemical Composition of ASTM B165 UNS N04400
Element | Content, % |
---|---|
Nickel [Ni] | ≥63.0 |
Copper [Cu] | 28.0~34.0 |
Iron [Fe] | ≤2.50 |
Manganese [Mn] | ≤2.00 |
Carbon [C] | ≤0.30 |
Silicon [Si] | ≤0.50 |
Sulfur [S] | ≤0.024 |
*The tabulated values are for heat analysis.
Mechanical Properties of ASTM B165 UNS N04400
Condition & Size |
Tensile Strength, min. ksi [MPa] |
Yield Strength, min. ksi [MPa] |
Elongation, min. % |
---|---|---|---|
*A | 70 [480] | 28 [195] | 35 |
*B | 70 [480] | 25 [170] | 35 |
*C | 85 [585] | 55 [380] | 15 |
*A:seamless pipe or tube with O.D≤5″, annealed; *B: seamless pipe or tube with O.D>5″, annealed; *C: all sizes, stress relieved.
Condition & Finish
The seamless pipe or tube manufactured to ASTM B165 shall be furnished in annealed or stress-relieved condition. The surface of annealed pipe or tube is soft, with a dull matte finish. The stress relieving refers to thermally treated below the annealing temperature to relieve the major portion of the internal stresses. It will be furnished with a thin, light- to medium- dark surface.
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Monel 400 Flanges
Monel 400 flanges manufactured to ASME B16.5 are usually made from two forms of raw material: ASTM B564 UNS N04400 forgings or ASTM B127 UNS N04400 plates. According to the standard, the pressure-temperature ratings can be furnished in two unit systems: ISO and US customary.
ASTM B564 Monel 400 flanges, slip on, Class 150 RF, ASME B16.5
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Monel 400: ISO Unit
Temp. °C | Class 150 | Class 300 | Class 400 | Class 600 | Class 900 | Class 1500 | Class 2500 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-29~38 | 15.9 | 41.4 | 55.2 | 82.7 | 124.1 | 206.8 | 344.7 |
50 | 15.4 | 40.2 | 53.7 | 80.5 | 120.7 | 201.2 | 335.3 |
100 | 13.8 | 35.9 | 47.9 | 71.9 | 107.8 | 179.7 | 299.5 |
150 | 12.9 | 33.7 | 45.0 | 67.5 | 101.2 | 168.7 | 281.1 |
200 | 12.5 | 32.7 | 43.6 | 65.4 | 98.1 | 163.5 | 272.4 |
250 | 12.1 | 32.6 | 43.5 | 65.2 | 97.8 | 163.0 | 271.7 |
300 | 10.2 | 32.6 | 43.5 | 65.2 | 97.8 | 163.0 | 271.7 |
325 | 9.3 | 32.6 | 43.5 | 65.2 | 97.8 | 163.0 | 271.7 |
350 | 8.4 | 32.6 | 43.4 | 65.1 | 97.7 | 162.8 | 271.3 |
375 | 7.4 | 32.4 | 43.2 | 64.8 | 97.2 | 161.9 | 269.9 |
400 | 6.5 | 32.1 | 42.8 | 64.2 | 96.2 | 160.4 | 267.4 |
425 | 5.5 | 31.6 | 42.2 | 63.3 | 94.9 | 158.2 | 263.6 |
450 | 4.6 | 26.9 | 35.9 | 53.8 | 80.7 | 134.5 | 224.2 |
475 | 3.7 | 20.8 | 27.7 | 41.5 | 62.3 | 103.8 | 173.0 |
*Working pressures by classes, unit: bar.
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Monel 400: US Customary Unit
Temp. °F | Class 150 | Class 300 | Class 400 | Class 600 | Class 900 | Class 1500 | Class 2500 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-20~100 | 230 | 600 | 800 | 1200 | 1800 | 3000 | 5000 |
200 | 200 | 525 | 700 | 1050 | 1575 | 2630 | 4380 |
300 | 190 | 490 | 655 | 980 | 1470 | 2450 | 4080 |
400 | 180 | 475 | 630 | 945 | 1420 | 2365 | 3940 |
500 | 170 | 475 | 630 | 945 | 1420 | 2365 | 3940 |
600 | 140 | 475 | 630 | 945 | 1420 | 2365 | 3940 |
650 | 125 | 475 | 630 | 945 | 1420 | 2365 | 3940 |
700 | 110 | 470 | 625 | 940 | 1410 | 2350 | 3920 |
750 | 95 | 465 | 620 | 930 | 1395 | 2330 | 3880 |
800 | 80 | 460 | 610 | 915 | 1375 | 2290 | 3820 |
850 | 65 | 375 | 505 | 755 | 1130 | 1885 | 3145 |
900 | 50 | 275 | 365 | 550 | 825 | 1370 | 2285 |
*Working pressures by classes, unit: psig.
ASME B16.5 Class 150 Flange
1. Technical Drawings for ASME B16.5 Class 150 Flanges
Drawing of ASME B16.5 Class 150 weld neck flange, raised face(RF).
Drawing of ASME B16.5 Class 150 blind flange, raised face(RF).
Drawing of ASME B16.5 Class 150 slip on flange, raised face(RF).
Drawing of ASME B16.5 Class 150 socket weld flange, raised face(RF).
Drawing of ASME B16.5 Class 150 threaded flange, raised face(RF).
Drawing of ASME B16.5 Class 150 lap joint flange.
2. Flange & Bolting Dimensions for Class 150
All dimensions are provided in both mm and inch units. The two unit system shall be used respectively and exclusively. The bolting of ASME B16.5 Class 150 flanges can be furnished by stud bolt with nuts or machine bolt with nuts. Stud bolts can be used for RF or RTJ end facing while machine bolts are only used for RF facing. Dimensions of ASME B16.5 Class 150 flanges in below tables shall be furnished with RF facing. For other facings, please contact us for detailed specification.
NPS |
O mm inch |
To mm inch |
T1 mm inch |
X mm inch |
Ah mm inch |
ro mm inch |
Do mm inch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 |
405 16.00 |
28.6 1.12 |
30.2 1.19 |
305 12.00 |
273.0 10.75 |
13 0.50 |
– |
12 |
485 19.00 |
30.2 1.19 |
31.8 1.25 |
365 14.38 |
323.8 12.75 |
13 0.50 |
– |
14 |
535 21.00 |
33.4 1.31 |
35.0 1.38 |
400 15.75 |
355.6 14.00 |
13 0.50 |
– |
16 |
595 23.50 |
35.0 1.38 |
36.6 1.44 |
457 18.00 |
406.4 16.00 |
13 0.50 |
– |
18 |
635 25.00 |
38.1 1.50 |
39.7 1.56 |
505 19.88 |
457.0 18.00 |
13 0.50 |
– |
20 |
700 27.50 |
41.3 1.62 |
42.9 1.69 |
559 22.00 |
508.0 20.00 |
13 0.50 |
– |
24 |
815 32.00 |
46.1 1.81 |
47.7 1.88 |
663 26.12 |
610.0 24.00 |
13 0.50 |
– |
*O:outside diameter of flange
To:minimum flange thickness of W/N, S/O, Blind, THD, S/W;
T1:minimum thickness of lap joint flange;
*X:diameter at hub;
Ah:hub diameter at the beginning of chamfer for W/N;
ro: corner bore radius of lapped flange;
Do:depth of socket.
NPS |
Y1 mm inch |
Y2 mm inch |
Y3 mm inch |
Ta mm inch |
B1 mm inch |
B2 mm inch |
B3 mm inch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 |
100 3.94 |
48 1.88 |
49 1.94 |
49 1.94 |
254.6 10.02 |
276.2 10.88 |
277.4 10.92 |
12 |
113 4.44 |
54 2.12 |
56 2.19 |
56 2.19 |
304.8 12.00 |
327.0 12.88 |
328.2 12.92 |
14 |
125 4.94 |
56 2.19 |
79 2.25 |
57 2.25 |
– |
359.2 14.14 |
360.2 14.18 |
16 |
125 4.94 |
62 2.44 |
87 2.50 |
64 2.50 |
– |
410.5 16.16 |
411.2 16.19 |
18 |
138 5.44 |
67 2.62 |
97 2.69 |
68 2.69 |
– |
461.8 18.18 |
462.3 18.20 |
20 |
143 5.62 |
71 2.81 |
103 2.88 |
73 2.88 |
– |
513.1 20.20 |
514.4 20.25 |
24 |
151 5.94 |
81 3.19 |
111 3.25 |
83 3.25 |
– |
616.0 24.25 |
616.0 24.25 |
*Y1:length through hub of welding neck flange
Y2:length through hub of threaded, S/O and S/W flange;
Y3:length through hub of lapped flange.
*Ta:minimum thread length of threaded flange;
B1:bore diameter of welding neck flange or lower part of socket welding flange.
*B2:bore diameter of slip on flange or upper part of socket welding flange;
B3:bore diameter of lap joint(lapped) flange.
NPS |
W mm inch |
R mm inch |
d inch |
n |
do inch |
LSRF mm inch |
LSRTJ mm inch |
LMRF mm inch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/2 |
60.3 2.38 |
34.9 1.38 |
5/8 | 4 | 1/2 |
55 2.25 |
– |
50 2.00 |
3/4 |
69.9 2.75 |
42.9 1.69 |
5/8 | 4 | 1/2 |
65 2.50 |
– |
50 2.00 |
1 |
79.4 3.12 |
50.8 2.00 |
5/8 | 4 | 1/2 |
65 2.50 |
75 3.00 |
55 2.25 |
1-1/4 |
88.9 3.50 |
63.5 2.50 |
5/8 | 4 | 1/2 |
70 2.75 |
85 3.25 |
55 2.25 |
1-1/2 |
98.4 3.88 |
73.0 2.88 |
5/8 | 4 | 1/2 |
70 2.75 |
85 3.25 |
65 2.50 |
2 |
120.7 4.75 |
92.1 3.62 |
3/4 | 4 | 5/8 |
85 3.25 |
95 3.75 |
70 2.75 |
2-1/2 |
139.7 5.50 |
104.8 4.12 |
3/4 | 4 | 5/8 |
90 3.50 |
100 4.00 |
75 3.00 |
3 |
152.4 6.00 |
127.0 5.00 |
3/4 | 4 | 5/8 |
90 3.50 |
100 4.00 |
75 3.00 |
3-1/2 |
177.8 7.00 |
139.7 5.50 |
3/4 | 8 | 5/8 |
90 3.50 |
100 4.00 |
75 3.00 |
4 |
190.5 7.50 |
157.2 6.19 |
3/4 | 8 | 5/8 |
90 3.50 |
100 4.00 |
75 3.00 |
5 |
215.9 8.50 |
185.7 7.31 |
7/8 | 8 | 3/4 |
95 3.75 |
110 4.25 |
85 3.25 |
6 |
241.3 9.50 |
215.9 8.50 |
7/8 | 8 | 3/4 |
100 4.00 |
115 4.50 |
85 3.25 |
8 |
298.5 11.75 |
269.9 10.62 |
7/8 | 8 | 3/4 |
110 4.25 |
120 4.75 |
90 3.50 |
NPS |
W mm inch |
R mm inch |
d inch |
n |
do inch |
LSRF mm inch |
LSRTJ mm inch |
LMRF mm inch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 |
362.0 14.25 |
323.8 12.75 |
1 | 12 | 7/8 |
115 4.50 |
125 5.00 |
100 4.00 |
12 |
431.8 17.00 |
381.0 15.00 |
1 | 12 | 7/8 |
120 4.75 |
135 5.25 |
100 4.00 |
14 |
476.3 18.75 |
412.8 16.25 |
1 1/8 | 12 | 1 |
135 5.25 |
145 5.75 |
115 4.50 |
16 |
539.8 21.25 |
469.9 18.50 |
1 1/8 | 16 | 1 |
135 5.25 |
145 5.75 |
115 4.50 |
18 |
577.9 22.75 |
533.4 21.00 |
1 1/4 | 16 | 1 1/8 |
145 5.75 |
160 6.25 |
125 5.00 |
20 |
635.0 25.00 |
584.2 23.00 |
1 1/4 | 20 | 1 1/8 |
160 6.25 |
170 6.75 |
140 5.50 |
24 |
749.3 29.50 |
692.2 27.25 |
1 3/8 | 20 | 1 1/4 |
170 6.75 |
185 7.25 |
150 6.00 |
*W:diameter of bolt circle
d:diameter of bolt holes;
n:number of bolts;
do:diameter of bolts;
R:outside diameter of RF.
*LSRF:length of stud bolts for raised face;
LSRTJ:length of stud bolts for ring joint;
LMRF:length of machine bolts for raised face.
The drawing of stud bolt with nuts & machine bolt with nuts for ASME B16.5 Class 150 flanges.
Analysis on Ductility and Fracture of Monel 400
The high-temperature tension tests for Monel 400 specimens were conducted at 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. The elongation, reduction of area, and fracture surface at elevated temperatures are illustrated respectively.
Elongation & Reduction of Area Chart for Monel 400
Elongation & Reduction of Area chart for Monel 400 at elevated temperatures. A-reduction of area curve; B-elongation curve.
When the test temperature increases from 600°C to 700°C, the elongation value decreases from 13.26% to 11.22% while the reduction of area decreases from 24.26% to 20.47%. The ductility of Monel 400 decreases as the temperature goes up in this range. As the test temperature increases from 700°C to 900°C, the elongation value increases from 11.22% to 20.05% while the reduction of area increases from 20.47% to 60.05%. The ductility of Monel 400 increases as the temperature goes up in this range. As the temperature rises up from 900°C to 1100°C, the ductility decreases again. Monel Alloy 400 exhibits hot brittleness between 600°C and 800°C.
The Fracture of Monel 400 Specimens at Elevated Temperatures
Macrostructure of Monel 400 after fracture at elevated temperatures.
From the macrostructure after fracture, obvious necking of Monel 400 is observed at temperatures between 800°C to 1000°C and it achieves maximum at 900°C. It proves that Monel 400 has improved ductility at this temperature range.
Microstructure of fracture surface of Monel 400 at 600°C by SEM. Picture A
Microstructure of fracture surface of Monel 400 at 700°C by SEM. Picture B
Microstructure of fracture surface of Monel 400 at 800°C by SEM. Picture C.
The microstructure of the fracture surface of Monel 400 at 600°C, 700°C and 800°C are attained by SEM method. Both pictures A and B exhibit quasi-cleavage fracture in river pattern. It indicates the brittle fracture. Some dimples are observed in Picture C except for cleavage fracture. It proves that the ductility shall be improved at 800°C.
Mechanical Properties of Monel 400 Alloy at Elevated Temperatures
According to the records of tension test on Monel 400 alloy at elevated temperatures, the stress-strain chart, yield strength – temperature chart, and tensile strength- temperature chart were established.
The Stress-Strain Chart for Monel 400 at Elevated Temperatures
The strain-stress curve of Monel 400 at elevated temperatures.
The Yield & Tensile Strength – Temperature Chart for Monel 400
The yield & tensile strength chart at elevated temperatures: A-tensile strength, B-yield strength.
Analysis on Test Result
As illustrated above, the yield strength and tensile strength were measured at several elevated temperatures: 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C. The steep elastic deformation section of the stress-strain curve illustrates that Monel 400 can only have very limited elastic deformation. The rate of plastic deformation increases dramatically as the temperature goes up. Meanwhile, the yield strength and tensile strength of Monel 400 alloy decreases as the temperature is elevated.
Tension Test and Analysis on Monel 400 Alloy at Elevated Temperatures
Monel 400 is a typical Nickel-Copper alloy with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalies. They are widely used for marine engineering, chemical and petrochemical industry, and power plant piping, etc. However, due to its low coefficients of thermal conductivity & linear thermal expansion and high susceptibility to hot cracking, failure may occur during the welding of Monel 400 alloys. The study on Monel 400’s mechanical properties at elevated temperatures is necessary.
Monel 400 Specimens Preparation
The testing specimens shall be hot-rolled Monel 400 rods manufactured to ASTM B164 UNS N04400, under annealed condition. Specification: Φ6 x 120 mm, 6 pieces. Its actual chemical composition is attained by PMI testing(all in weight %): C-0.12, Si-0.10, Mn-1.04, Ni-65.8, Cr-0.085, Fe-1.15, Cu-31.8, Ti-0.045, Co: 0.012, Mo: 0.014.
The microstructure of Monel 400 specimens, single-phase polygonal austenites were founded.
Testing Apparatus
The Gleeble 1500D thermal-mechanical simulator for high-temperature tension test of Monel 400.
The testing machine is Gleeble 1500D thermal-machanical simulator. The test was conducted in Yaang’s cooperative lab: Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology(IMUST).
High-Temperature Tension Test Procedures
The Monel 400 specimens shall be tested at temperatures 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C, respectively. The heating rate shall be 10°C/s while the cooling rate shall be at 3°C/s. The strain rate imposed on each specimen shall be 10-3/s. The tensile process shall be conducted in vacuum environment until the specimen is broken. Record the values of stress, strain, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and area of reduction at each testing temperature. Take scanning electron microscope (SEM) inspection on the fracture surface of the specimen. The test results and further analysis are listed below:
- Mechanical Properties of Monel 400 alloy at elevated temperatures.
- Analysis on ductility and fracture of Monel 400 specimens.
ERNiCu-7 Filler Metal for Welding of Monel 400
ERNiCu-7 is a commonly used filler metal in the welding of Monel 400 piping materials. It is designated as UNS N04060, also known as Monel 60 with nominal composition of 65Ni-30Cu-3Mn-2Ti. The ERNiCu-7 bare welding electrode/ rod can be used in the GTAW (TIG), GMAW, SAW and PAW processes for the welding of Monel 400 (UNS N04400) materials of ASTM B127(plate), ASTM B163(seamless tube), ASTM B165(seamless pipe), and ASTM B164(rod, bar & wire). Titanium contents are added to control porosity with these welding processes. The weld metal has properties similar to those of Monel 400. It has good strength and resists corrosion in many media, including seawater, salt, and reducing acids.
ERNiCu-7 welding rods for the TIG welding process of Monel 400. 2.4mm(O.D) x 915mm(Length).
1. Chemical Composition Requirements of ERNiCu-7
Element | Weight, % |
---|---|
C | ≤0.15 |
Mn | ≤4.0 |
Fe | ≤2.5 |
P | ≤0.020 |
S | ≤0.015 |
Si | ≤1.25 |
Cu | Remaining |
Ni | 62.0~69.0 |
Al | ≤1.25 |
Ti | 1.5~3.0 |
Others | ≤0.50 |
*The tabulated values are furnished in accordance with AWS A5.14.
2. Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of the weld metal may be influenced by a variety of factors in the welding process. These variables include current, voltage, welding speed, gas mixture, dexterity of the welder, and base metal chemical composition, etc. Typically, the minimum weld metal tensile strength for ERNiCu-7 is 70 ksi [380 MPa]. It minimum elongation value is 30%.
3. International Equivalent of ERNiCu-7(Monel 60)
AWS A5.14 | Military Designation | AWS A5.11 | ISO 18274 | DIN 1736 (2.4377) | BS 2901 | SFA-5.14 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ERNiCu-7 | EN60 & RN60 | ENiCu-7 | SNi 4060 | SG-NiCu30MnTi | NA33 | UNS N04060 |
*The P-Number of base metal Monel 400(UNS N04400) is 42.
4. Product Forms and Specification
The ERNiCu-7 filler metals are available in spools and cut-straight lengths in a variety of sizes selected from the following diameters:
AWS A5.14 ERNiCu-7 welding wire in spool package.
O.D(mm) | 0.80 | 0.90 | 1.14 | 1.20 | 1.60 | 2.40 | 3.20 |
O.D(inch) | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.045 | 0.048 | 0.062 | 0.094 | 0.125 |
*The length of cut-straight length shall be 900 mm ± 2%.
*Diameter tolerance for cut straight lengths(mm):+0.01, -0.07; Diameter tolerance for spools(mm):+0.01, -0.04.
Source: China Monel 400 Flanges Manufacturer – Yaang Pipe Industry (www.steeljrv.com)
(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)
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