Types of Gaskets
Gaskets are used to create a static seal between two flanges faces, at various operating conditions, with varied pressure and temperature ratings. A gaskets fills the microscopic spaces and irregularities of the flange faces, and then it forms a seal that is designed to keep liquids and gases. Correct installation of damage-free gaskets and demage-free flange faces is a requirement for a leak-free flange connection.
If it would be technically possible, in order to manufacture flanges perfectly flat and smooth, and perfectly compatible with one another under all operating conditions, a gasket would not be necessary. But in normal practice it is not possible, because flange connections under any circumstances should be made. Small impurities and a small bit of dirt, is in practice not be avoided and therefore it is necessary to use a gasket.
Content:
- 1. Types of Gaskets
- 2. Spiral wound gasket
- 2.1 Spiral Wound Gasket Types
- 2.2 Manufacturing Technique
- 2.3 Spiral Winding Materials
- 2.4 Filler Materials
- 2.5 Inner and Outer Rings Materials
- 2.6 Mechanical Properties
- 2.7 Characteristic of Spiral Wound Gasket
- 2.8 Temperature & Color of Special Materials
- 2.9 Manufacturer standard
- 3.1 Basic Types of Ring Joint Gaskets
- 3.2 Standards
- 3.3 Applications
- 3.4 Technical Literature of Ring Joint Gasket
- 3.5 RTJ GASKET MATERIALS
- 4. KAMMPROFILE GASKET
- 4.1 KAMMPROFILE GASKET TYPES
- 4.2 KAMMPROFILE GASKET MATERIALS
- 4.3 Kammprofile Gasket Dimensions
- 5. JACKETED GASKET
- 5.1 JACKETED GASKET MATERIALS
- 5.2 JACKETED GASKET TYPES
- 5.3 JACKETED GASKET DIMENSIONS
- 5.3.1 Class 150-400
- 5.3.2 Class 600-2500
- 5.4 HOW TO ORDER A METAL JACKETED GASKET
- 6. Graphite Composite Gasket
- 7. Serrated Metal Gasket
- 8. PTFE Envelope Gasket
- 9. PTFE Gasket
- 10. Corrugated Gasket
Types of Gaskets
According to its material and structural characteristics, gaskets can be divided into non-metal gaskets, metal gaskets, metal-non-metal composite gaskets, and various types can be subdivided into several types.
Non-Metallic Gasket
- Compressed Non-Asbestos Fibre Gasket (CNAF)
- PTFE Gasket
- Rubber Gasket
Metallic Gasket
Metal-non-metal Composite Gaskets
- Spiral Wound Gaskets
- Camprofile Gaskets
- Metal Jacketed Gasket
Spiral wound gasket
Spiral wound gasket, type CG.The first spiral wound gasket was developed in 1912. Spiral wound gaskets are manufactured by alternate layers of metal strip winding and non-metallic fillers spiral winding together into V-shaped, providing the gasket with mechanical resistance and resilience. It can be used for sealing flange joints, tube covers, boilers, heat exchangers, pressure vessels and valves. There are also some other shapes of strip winding, such as W & SU spiral wound gaskets. The spiral wound gasket normally includes the parts of outer centering ring and inner ring, it can reinforce the power of gasket. They are ideal for oil, steam, liquids, acids, various organic mediums and solvents.
The diameter of a spiral wound gasket may range between a few mm up to 5.000 mm, and the spiral wound gasket thicknesses ranges from 3.2, 4.5, 6.4, to 7.2 mm.
A Spiral wound gasket may be ordered in different shapes, such as oblong, rectangular, oval, pear and diamond.
ASME B16.20 is the spiral wound gasket specification.
The round type is, of course, the standard shape for raised face (RF), male-and-female (M&F), and tongue-and-groove flanges (T&G) for petrochemical applications.
Spiral Wound Gasket Types
The standard spiral wound gasket can be categorized in four styles: reinforce (Style R), inner ring with reinforce (Style RIR), centering gasket (Style CG), centering gasket with inner ring (Style CGI).
Style R spiral wound gasket. |
Style RIR spiral wound gasket. |
Style CG spiral wound gasket. |
Style CGI spiral wound gasket. |
1) Style R
Style R is the basic type of spiral wound gasket. Style R’s inner diameter and outer diameter has a few laps metal strips that do not fill the fillers. They maintain the compression and sealing. The Style R spiral wound gasket is normally used for tongue and groove, male and female type joint of flanges.
2) Style RIR
The inner ring is between the bore diameter and the inner diameter of the gasket. It is designed to prevent accumulation of solids, reduce turbulent flow of process fluids and minimize erosion at flange faces. It’s used for male and female flanges.
3) Style CG
The centering ring accurately make the spiral ring on flange face. It provides an extra radial strength to protect the spiral ring. Style CG gaskets are suitable for flat face flange and raised face flange.
4)Style CGI
The style CGI spiral wound gasket is combined the advantages of centering ring and inner ring. Suitable for high temperature and high pressure. It can be used for above Class 900, corrosive medium or other harsh working conditions.
Spiral wound gaskets also have some other special types gasket, like style HE, style 625 and etc. It can be used in special application.
Manufacturing Technique
The production of strip winding contain four step: cutting, forming, winding and spot welding. Gasket including reinforcing ring need extra processes of fabrcating and assembling. The inner and outer windings shall have a minimum of three plies of performed metal strip without filler. The initial two plies of inner windings shall have spot welds spaced around the inner circumference. The minium welds shall be three. The outer windings has a minimum of three welds along the circumference of a circle. The metal strip in the winding shall be 0.15-mm(0.006-in.) to 0.23-mm (0.009-in.) thick. The filler material thickness shall be determined by the manufacturer. The inner ring thickness shall be from 2.97 mm to 3.33 mm (0.117 in. to 0.131 in.). The inner ring inside diameter may extend a maximum of 1.5mm(0.06 in.) into the flange bore.
Spiral Wound Gasket Materials
Spiral Winding Materials
The sealing element of a spiral wound gasket is produced by interleaving plies of alternating metal winding strip combined with a filler material. The formed metal strip in the key sealing element of this type of semi-metallic gasket.
The most common winding materials are:
- SS 304L
- SS 316L
- SS 321
- Titanium
- Nickel
- Nickel alloys
- Duplex
Filler Materials
Filler materials are used to enhance the conformability and the resilience of a spiral wound gasket. The most used filler material is graphite, however, other filler materials may be used depending on the application:
- Graphite
- PTFE
- Ceramic fibers
- Non-asbestos
Inner and Outer Rings Materials
The inner and the outer rings of a spiral wound gasket may be the same material of the winding core or a different one.
Solid inner rings are required by the ASME B16.20 specification for flanges with pressure rating 900# NPS 24 and larger, 1500# NPS 12 and larger, pressure class 2500#, NPS 4 and larger.
The inner ring improves the pressure rating of the spiral wound gasket, as it provides additional compression to the flanged joint and provides a heat and corrosion barrier protecting the gasket windings and the flanges from erosion.
Mechanical Properties
|
Spiral Wound Gasket Material (Commercial Name) |
DIN SPECIFICATION |
DIN MATERIAL NR. |
AISI & UNS |
B.S & ASTM |
HARDNESS HV 10 |
TEMPERATURE RANGE in C° | VOLUMETRIC MASS [G/CM3] | |
| MIN. | MAX. | |||||||
| Soft Iron (Armco) | – | 1.1003 | – | – | 90 – 100 | -60 | 500 | 7.85 |
| Steel (LCS) | RSt.37.2 | 1.0038 | – | – | 100 – 130 | -40 | 500 | 7.85 |
| Stainless Steel 304 | X5CrNi 18 | 1.4301 | 304 | 304S15/16/31 | 130 – 180 | -250 | 550 | 7,9 |
| Stainless Steel 304 L | X2CrNi 189 | 1.4306 | 304L | 304S11 | 130 – 190 | -250 | 550 | 7,9 |
| Stainless Steel 309 | X15CrNiMo 2012 | 1.4828 | 309 | 309S24 | 130 – 190 | -100 | 1000 | 7,9 |
| Stainless Steel 316 | X5CrNiMo 1810 | 1.4401 | 316 | 316S31/33 | 130 – 180 | -100 | 550 | 7,9 |
| Stainless Steel 316 L | X2CrNiMo 1810 | 1.4404 | 316L | 316S11/13 | 130 – 190 | -100 | 550 | 7,9 |
| Stainless Steel 316 Ti | X10CrNiMoTi 1810 | 1.4571 | 316Ti | 320S31 | 130 – 190 | -100 | 550 | 7,8 |
| Stainless Steel 321 | X10CrNiTi 189 | 1.4541 | 321 | 321S12/49/87 | 130 – 190 | -250 | 550 | 7,9 |
| Stainless Steel 347 | X10CrNiNb 189 | 1.4550 | 347 | 347S31 | 130 – 190 | -250 | 550 | 7,9 |
| Nickel 200 | Ni 99.2 | 2,4066 | NO2200 | 3072-76 NA11 | 90 – 120 | -250 | 600 | 8,9 |
| Monel 400 | NiCu 30 Fe | 2.4360 | NO4400 | 3072-76 NA13 | 110 – 150 | -125 | 600 | 8,8 |
| Inconel 600 | NiCr 15 Fe | 2.4816 | NO6600 | 3072-76 NA14 | 120 – 180 | -100 | 950 | 8,4 |
| Incoloy 800 | X10NiCrAITi 3220 | 1.4876 | NO8800 | 3072-76 NA15 | 140 – 220 | -100 | 850 | 8,4 |
| Incoloy 825 | NiCR 21 Mo | 2.4858 | NO8825 | 3072-76 NA 16 | 120 – 180 | -100 | 450 | 8,14 |
| Hastelloy B2 | NMo 28 | 2.4617 | N10665 | – | 170 – 230 | -200 | 450 | 9,2 |
| Hastelloy C276 | ‘NiMo 16Cr15W | 2.4819 | N10276 | – | 170 – 230 | -200 | 450 | 8.9 |
| Titanium | Ti 99,8 | 3.7025 | – | – | 110 – 140 | -250 | 500 | 4,5 |
Characteristic of Spiral Wound Gasket
Spiral wound gaskets are widely used in various industries services. They are easiest to install, and suitable for the equipment, where the gasket suffering extreme temperature or pressure cycling, shock or vibration. Their solid construction provides stability and seallability even when the sealing surfaces are slightly corroded or bent.
Temperature & Color of Special Materials
Gaskets are color coded to help expedite the selection and identity of the gaskets. The color on the outside edge of the centering ring identifies both the winding and filler materials. The metallic winding material is designated by a solid color. The filler materials are designated by color stripes at equal intervals on the outside edge of the centering ring. Flexitallic color coding meets the industry standard for metal and filler materials listed in ASME B16.20.
Spiral wound gasket operating temperature with color codeing
| Gasket Material | Operating Temperature | Gasket Color Code | |
|
Minimum °F(°C) |
Maximum °F(°C) |
||
| 304 Stainless Steel | -320(-195) | 1400(760) | Yellow |
| 316L Stainless Steel | -150(-100) | 1400(760) | Green |
| 317L Stainless Steel | -150(-100) | 1400(760) | Maroon |
| 321 Stainless Steel | -320(-195) | 1400(760) | Turquoise |
| 347 Stainless Steel | -320(-195) | 1400(760) | Blue |
| Carbon Steel | -40(-40) | 1700(925) | Silver |
| Alloy 20 | -300(-185) | 1000(540) | Black |
| Hastelloy B2 | -300(-185) | 2000(1090) | Brown |
| Hastelloy C276 | -300(-185) | 2000(1090) | Beige |
| Monel 400 | -200(-130) | 1500(820) | Orange |
| Nickel 200 | -320(-195) | 1400(760) | Red |
| Titanium | -320(-195) | 2000(1090) | Purple |
| Incoloy 800 | -150(-100) | 1600(870) | White |
| Incoloy 825 | -150(-100) | 1600(870) | White |
| Inconel 600 | -150(-100) | 2000(1090) | Gold |
| Inconel 625 | -150(-100) | 2000(1090) | Gold |
| Inconel X750 | -150(-100) | 2000(1090) | No Color |
Filler Materials.
| Filler Material | Operating Temperature | Filler Color Code | |
|
Minium °F(°C) |
Maximum °F(°C) |
||
| Ceramic | -350(-212) | 2000(1090) | Light Green |
| Flexiable Graphite | -350(-212) | 910(510) | Gray |
| PTFE | -400(-240) | 500(260) | White |
| Mica Graphite | -350(-212) | 1400(760) | Pink |
| Phyllosilicate | -67(-55) | 1800(1000) | Light Blue |
Centering ring doesn’t come into direct contact with fluid. It’s normally manufactured of carbon steel or painted to avoid corrosion. Other materials are available upon customers’ request. Inner ring is normally used the same material as the metal strip winding.
Manufacturer standard
Spiral wound gaskets are usually designed in accordance with ASME B16.20 and to suit with ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47 Series A&B, and BS1560 flanges, it is also designed in accordance with EN1514-2 to suit with EN1092-1. Spiral wound gasket can be also manufactured in other non-standard shapes like oval and oblong. The customer should provide the inside dimnesions, width and thickness.
ASME STANDARDS
- Nonmetallic gasket dimensions and tolerances in accordance with ASME B16.21 for ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 flanges.
- Standard thicknesses are 1/16″ and 1/8″, but others are available.
- Spiral wound gaskets for ASME B16.5 1/4″ to 24″ dimensions and tolerances in accordance with ASME B16.20.
- Spiral wound gaskets for ASME B16.47 22″ to 60″ Series A (MSS SP-44) dimensions and tolerances in accordance with ASME B16.20.
- Spiral wound gaskets for ASME B16.47 26″ to 60″ Series B (API Std 605) dimensions and tolerances in accordance with ASME B16.20.
- ASME B16.20 – Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges: Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed
- ASME B16.21 – Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
- ASME B16.47 – Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 Through NPS 60 Metric/Inch Standard
- ASME B16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through 24
ISO STANDARDS
- ISO 4709 – Composition cork — Gasket material — Classification system, requirements, sampling, packaging and marking
- ISO 7483 – Dimensions of gaskets for use with flanges to ISO 700
Spiral Wound Gasket Marking
The illustration shows the typical marking of spiral wound gaskets:
RING JOINT GASKETS
Ring joint gaskets are metallic sealing ring suitable for high pressure and high temperature applications. They are manufactured in two kinds of cross section: octagonal and oval accordance.
Ring joint gasket are used in connection with RTJ flange, generates a strong seal between two mating flanges. When the flanges are fixed by bolts, ring joint gasket is squeezed into the groove of the flange, forming a tight seal between the mating flanges. In order to avoid destruction of the flanges, the material of the ring joint gaskets must be softer than the material of the flanges.
Ring Joint Gasket
Basic Types of Ring Joint Gaskets
Ring joint gaskets are manufactured in three types: Style R(including R octagonal gasket and R oval ring gasket), Style RX and Style BX. Style SRX and Style SBX are respectively as the adaptation version of Style RX and Style BX.
Style R Gasket
Style R gaskets are divided into R octagonal gasket and R oval ring gasket according to the different cross section. Style R gasket is used for pressures up to 5,000 PSI. The ring gasket is regarded as semi-pressure energized ring gasket. They are manufactured in API 6A and ASME B16.20 to suit API 6B and ASME/ANSI B16.5 flanges. Style R Ring Joint gaskets are manufactured in accordance with all relevant standards to suit the following flange designations:
API 6A > ASME / ANSI B16.5 > MSS SP44 ( ASME 16.47 SERIES A ) > BS 1560
R octagonal gasket is designed with octagonal-shaped section. The average diameter of the R octagonal gasket is slightly larger than the average diameter of the gasket groove. The angle between ring gasket and bevel face of gasket groove is around 23°. The octagonal shape fits only the modern flat bottom groove flange.
R oval ring gasket is manufactured in oval-shaped section. The oval ring fits the round and flat bottom ring groove flange. R octagonal gasket and R oval ring gasket in a similar function : they seal by an initial line contact or a edging action as the compressive forces are applied. However, the R oval ring gasket has a lower sealing efficiency than the octagonal ’s.
Style RX Gasket
Style RX gaskets comply with the standard of API 6A and ASME B16.20 to suit API 6B and ASME/ANSI B16.5 flanges. Style RX Gasket, as one special kind of octagonal gaskets is developed and improved in the basis of style R gasket. It has good sealing as the contact between gasket and the ring joint faces, especially the outside face, and is pressed tightly to keep good sealing performance. Style RX gasket is used for pressures up to 5,000 PSI. RX Ring Joint Gasket is one kind of pressure energized ring gaskets.
Style BX Gasket
Style BX, as one special kind of octagonal gaskets, is manufactured in accordance with API 6A and are suitable for use in high pressure API 6BX flanges. Style BX is designed for use on pressures up to 20,000 psi. All BX sizes have a pressure relief hole to equalise pressure across sealing faces. BX ring type joint gasket is one kind of pressure energized ring gaskets.
Type SRX and SBX Gasket
Type SRX and SBX gaskets are the same design as the Type RX and BX gaskets. They are manufactured to API 17D and apply for Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment. The “S” indicates these gaskets have cross-drilled holes to assure that any liquid trapped behind the ring gasket on either side will flow to the I.D. bore. SRX Ring Gaskets usually be designed in 6BX and/or 17D RTJ flanges under water.
Standards
Ring Joint Gaskets are manufactured according to any standard and non-standard sizes, including the standards of API 6A, API 17D, ASME B16.20, DIN 2693-67, JPI-7S-23-72 and other standards to suit ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47 Series A & Series B, API 6A Type 6B and 6BX flanges.
Applications
• Oil and gas industry
• Petrochemical industry
• Power plant technology
• Flange connections
• Pipe connections
• Heat exchangers, valves, pumps, compressors, boilers and other types of industrial equipment
Technical Literature of Ring Joint Gasket
-
Surface Finish
Style R and RX gaskets shall have a surface finish not rougher than 1.6μm (63μin.) roughness. Style BX gaskets shall have a surface finish not rougher than 0.8μm (32μin.) roughness.
In case a harder material for the ring type joint is used, the groove of the flange would be damaged as the flanges are tightened (the hardness values for ring joint gaskets are given below).
Types of Materials for Ring Joint Gaskets
| RTJ GASKET MATERIAL | RING ID | ASTM GRADE | DIN GRADE | WKSTOFF NUMBER |
AISI GRADE |
BS GRADE |
OTHER SPECS |
| Soft Iron | D | 1.1003 / 1.0335 | Aramco / StW24 | ||||
| LCS | S | 1.1003 / 1.0335 | Aramco / StW24 | ||||
| CS360 LT | CS360LT | A516 Gr70 | |||||
| 4140 | 4140 | UNS G41400 | 42CrMo4 | 1.7225 | 4140 | ||
| F5 | F5 | UNS K42544 | 12CrMo195 | 1.7362 | 5Cr 1/2Mo | ||
| SS304 | S304 | S30400 | X5CrNi 18 9 | 1.4301 | 304 | 304S15 | |
| SS304L | S304L | S30403 | X2CrNi 18 9 | 1.4306 | 304L | 304SS12 | |
| SS309 | S309 | S30900 | X15CrNiSi2012 | 1.4828 | 309 | 309S24 | |
| SS310 | S310 | S31008 | XX15CrNiSi2520 | 1.4841 | 310 | 310S24 | |
| SS316 | S316 | S31600 | X5CrNiMo18 10 | 1.4401 | 316 | 316S16 | |
| SS316L | S316L | S31603 | X2CrNiMo18 10 | 1.4404 | 316L | 316S11/316S12 | |
| SS316L UREA | S316UG | S31603 | X2CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | |||
| SS316Ti | S316Ti | S31635 | X10CrNiMoTi1810 | 1.4571 | 316Ti | 320S31/320S17 | |
| SS321 | S321 | S32100 | X10CrNiTi18 9 | 1.4541 | 321 | 321S12 | |
| SS347 | S347 | S34700 | X10CrNiNb 18 9 | 1.455 | 347 | 347S51 | |
| SS410 | S410 | S41000 | X10Cr13 | 1.4006 | 410 | 410S21 | |
| Monel 400 | Monel400 | N04400 | NiCu30Fe | 2.436 | |||
| Inconel 600 | INC600 | N06600 | NiCr15Fe | 2.4816 | |||
| Inconel 625 | INC625 | N06625 | NiCr22Mo9Nb | 2.4856 | |||
| Inconel 718 | INC718 | N07718 | |||||
| Incoloy 800 | INC800 | N08800 | X5NiCrAlTi31-20 | 1.4958 | |||
| Incoloy 800H | INC800H | N08810 | 1.4958 | ||||
| Incoloy 825 | INC825 | N08825 | NiCr21Mo | 2.4858 | |||
| 904L | 904L | N08904 | X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 | 1.4539 | |||
| F51 | F51 | S31803 | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 1.4462 | 2205 /Duplex | ||
| F53 | F53 | S32750 | X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 | 1.441 | |||
| F55 | F55 | S32760 | X2CrNiMoCuWN 25 7 4 | 1.4501 | Zeron 100 | ||
| F60 | F60 | S32205 | Duplex | ||||
| Titanium | Ti | R 50400 | 3.7035 | ||||
| 17-4PH | 17-4PH | S17400 | 1.4542 | 630 | |||
| S254 | S254 | S31254 | X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 | 1.4547 | F44 / 6Mo | ||
| C276 | C276 | N10276 | NiMo16Cr15W | 2.4819 | Hastelloy | ||
| Alloy 28 | Alloy28 | N08028 | X1 NiCrMoCuN 31 27 4 | 1.4563 | SANICRO 28 |
Mechanical Properties Ring Joint Gaskets Materials
| Maximum Hardness of RTJ Gaskets | |||
|
RTJ Gasket Material |
Brinell | HRB | ID |
|
Soft Iron-S |
90 | 56 | D |
|
Low Carbon Steel |
120 | 68 | S |
|
4 – 6% Chrome |
130 | 72 | F5 |
|
SS 304 Stainless Steel |
160 | 83 | S304 |
|
SS 316 Stainless Steel |
160 | 83 | S316 |
|
SS 347 Stainless Steel |
160 | 83 | S347 |
|
SS 410 Stainless Steel |
170 | 96 | S410 |
A Kammprofile gasket is manufactured by applying a sealing layer in non-metallic materials (such as graphite, PTFE-Teflon, ceramic fibers, non-asbestos, Mica, etc) or metallic materials (as aluminum or silver) on both sides of a metal core featuring concentric grooves of 1 mm Cam-Pitch. This sealing product, called also “grooved metal gasket” or “corrugated metal gasket”, is used for high-pressure and temperature oil & gas applications.
A Kammprofile gasket offers several benefits, due to its wide sealing area and construction:
- May resist temperatures up to approx. 1000°C (the Kammprofile temperature rating depends on the materials of the metal core and the sealing layer)
- May rate up to 250 bars, which is a considerable pressure rating
- The gasket does not damage the flange surface, due to the protection offered by the sealing layer
- The gasket can absorb fluctuations in temperature and pressure
- It is more tolerant than Spiral Wound Gaskets to improper bolting torques
- Suits both light and heavyweight flanges, even of large sizes
- After assembly, the thickness of the sealing material is extremely low (0.1 – 0.2 mm), thus reducing leaks and failure rates
- The core of a Kammprofile gasket can be re-used after cleaning and fitting the gasket with a new layering material. This is critical for expensive applications, such as heat exchanger gaskets that are made of exotic, expensive, materials (Inconel, Monel, Hastelloy, and Cupronickel).
An outer metallic (integral or floating) ring may be added to the gasket, to facilitate the centering of the gasket during the installation on a flange. The sealing layers protect the flange surface and reinforce the seal.
KAMMPROFILE GASKET TYPES
Kammprofile gaskets are available in two main configurations, parallel root cores/convex root cores, and two designs (with/without loose outer centering ring), as shown in the image below:
KAMMPROFILE GASKET MATERIALS
Metal Core Materials
The core material of a Kammprofile gasket shall match the material of the piping system
| Kammprofile Core Materials |
DIN Designation |
DIN Material Number |
AISI ASTM UNS Designation |
British Standard Designation |
Hardness HB/HV |
Temperature in C° Min. Max. |
Density in gr/cm3 | |
| Soft Iron | – | – | – | – | 90 – 100 | – 60 | 500 | 7.85 |
| Steel (LCS) | RSt. 37.2 | 1.0038 | – | – | 100 – 130 | – 40 | 500 | 7.85 |
| Stainless Steel 304 | X5 CrNi 1810 | 1.4301 | 304 | 304S15/16/31 | 130 – 180 | -250 | 550 | 7.9 |
| Stainless Steel 304 L | X2CrNi 1911 | 1.4306 | 304L | 304S11 | 130 – 190 | -250 | 550 | 7.9 |
| Stainless Steel 309 | X15CrNiSi 2012 | 1.4828 | 309 | 309S24 | 130 – 190 | -100 | 1000 | 7.9 |
| Stainless Steel 316 L(1) | X2CrNiMo 1713 | 1.4404 | 316L | 316S11/13 | 130 – 190 | -100 | 550 | 7.9 |
| Stainless Steel 316 Ti | X6CrNiMoTi 1712 | 1.4571 | 316Ti | 320S31 | 130 – 190 | -100 | 550 | 7.8 |
| Stainless Steel 321 | X6CrNiTi 1810 | 1.4541 | 321 | 321S12/49/87 | 130 – 190 | -250 | 550 | 7.9 |
| Stainless Steel 347 | X6CrNiNb 1810 | 1.4550 | 347 | 347S31 | 130 – 190 | -250 | 550 | 7.9 |
| Aluminium | Al 99,5 | 3.0255 | – | – | 20 – 23 | -250 | 300 | 2.73 |
| Silver | – | – | – | – | 28* | -250 | 750 | 10.5 |
| Copper | – | 2.0090 | – | – | 50 – 80 | -250 | 400 | 8.9 |
| Nickel 200 | Ni 99,2 | 2.4066 | N02200 | 3072-76 NA11 | 90 – 120 | -250 | 600 | 8.9 |
| Monel 400 ® | NiCu 30 Fe | 2.4360 | N04400 | 3072-76 NA13 | 110 – 150 | -125 | 600 | 8.8 |
| Inconel 600 ® | NiCr 15 Fe | 2.4816 | N06600 | 3072-76 NA14 | 120 – 180 | -100 | 950 | 8.4 |
| Incoloy 800 ® | X10NiCrAITi 3220 | 1.4876 | N08800 | 3072-76 NA15 | 140 – 220 | -100 | 850 | 8.0 |
| Incoloy 825 ® | NiCr 21 Mo | 2.4858 | N08825 | 3072-76 NA16 | 120 – 180 | -100 | 450 | 8.14 |
| Hastelloy B2 ® | NiMo 28 | 2.4617 | N10665 | – | 170 – 230 | -200 | 450 | 9.2 |
| Hastelloy C276 ® | NiMo16Cr15W | 2.4819 | N10276 | – | 170 – 230 | -200 | 450 | 8.9 |
| Titanium | Ti 99,8 | 3.7025 | – | – | 110 – 140 | -250 | 350 | 4.5 |
Sealing Layer
The most common layer materials for Kammprofile gaskets are graphite and PTFE (Teflon).
The advantages of a graphite layering material are:
- Excellent gas tightness qualities
- Non-aging properties
- Very good chemical resistance
- Resistance to high (fluctuating) temperatures and pressures
PTFE is also used due to its excellent chemical resistance, resistance to temperatures up to 250°C and excellent sealing properties for gas applications.
| Sealing Layer Material for Kammprofile |
Temperature in C° Min. Max. |
Max. operating pressure in Bars | Gas tightness | Recommended Application | |
| Graphite | -200 | 550 | 250 | Good | Aggressive media |
| PTFE (Teflon ® ) | -200 | 250 | 100 | Good | Aggressive media |
| Non-asbestos | -100 | 250 | 100 | Good | Gas and liquids |
| Silver | -200 | 750 | 250 | Good | Aggressive media |
KAMMPROFILE GASKET DIMENSIONS
Class 150-400
Kammprofile gasket dimensions for AMSE B16.5 flanges
| NPS | d1 | d2 | d3 | ||
| 150 | 300 | 400 | |||
| 1/2 | 23 | 33.3 | 44.4 | 50.8 | 50.8 |
| 3/4 | 28.6 | 39.7 | 53.9 | 63.5 | 63.5 |
| 1 | 36.5 | 47.6 | 63.5 | 69.8 | 69.8 |
| 1¼ | 44.4 | 60.3 | 73 | 79.4 | 79.4 |
| 1½ | 52.4 | 69.8 | 82.5 | 92.1 | 92.1 |
| 2 | 69.8 | 88.9 | 101.6 | 108 | 108 |
| 2½ | 82.5 | 101.6 | 120.6 | 127 | 127 |
| 3 | 98.4 | 123.8 | 133.4 | 146.1 | 146.1 |
| 3½ | 111.1 | 136.5 | 158.8 | 161.9 | 158.7 |
| 4 | 123.8 | 154 | 171.5 | 177.8 | 174.6 |
| 5 | 150.8 | 182.6 | 193.7 | 212.7 | 209.5 |
| 6 | 177.8 | 212.7 | 219.1 | 247.7 | 244.5 |
| 8 | 228.6 | 266.7 | 276.2 | 304.8 | 301.6 |
| 10 | 282.6 | 320.7 | 336.5 | 358.8 | 355.6 |
| 12 | 339.7 | 377.8 | 406.4 | 419.1 | 415.9 |
| 14 | 371.5 | 409.6 | 447.7 | 482.6 | 479.4 |
| 16 | 422.3 | 466.7 | 511.2 | 536.6 | 533.4 |
| 18 | 479.4 | 530.2 | 546.1 | 593.7 | 590.5 |
| 20 | 530.2 | 581 | 603.2 | 650.9 | 644.5 |
| 24 | 631.8 | 682.6 | 714.4 | 771.5 | 765.2 |
All values in millimeters
Class 600-2500
Kammprofile gasket dimensions for AMSE B16.5 flanges
| NPS | d1 | d2 | d3 | |||
| 600 | 900 | 1500 | 2500 | |||
| 1/2 | 23 | 33.3 | 50.8 | 60.3 | 60.3 | 66.7 |
| 3/4 | 28.6 | 39.7 | 63.5 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 73 |
| 1 | 36.5 | 47.6 | 69.8 | 76.2 | 76.2 | 82.5 |
| 1¼ | 44.4 | 60.3 | 79.4 | 85.7 | 85.7 | 101.6 |
| 1½ | 52.4 | 69.8 | 92.1 | 95.2 | 95.2 | 114.3 |
| 2 | 69.8 | 88.9 | 108 | 139.7 | 139.7 | 142.8 |
| 2½ | 82.5 | 101.6 | 127 | 161.9 | 161.9 | 165.1 |
| 3 | 98.4 | 123.8 | 146.1 | 165.1 | 171.5 | 193.7 |
| 3½ | 111.1 | 136.5 | 158.7 | … | … | … |
| 4 | 123.8 | 154 | 190.5 | 203.2 | 206.4 | 231.7 |
| 5 | 150.8 | 182.6 | 238.1 | 244.5 | 250.8 | 276.2 |
| 6 | 177.8 | 212.7 | 263.5 | 285.8 | 279.4 | 314.3 |
| 8 | 228.6 | 266.7 | 317.5 | 355.6 | 349.3 | 384.1 |
| 10 | 282.6 | 320.7 | 369.9 | 431.8 | 431.8 | 473 |
| 12 | 339.7 | 377.8 | 454 | 495.3 | 517.5 | 546.1 |
| 14 | 371.5 | 409.6 | 488.9 | 517.5 | 574.7 | … |
| 16 | 422.3 | 466.7 | 561.9 | 571.5 | 638.1 | … |
| 18 | 479.4 | 530.2 | 609.6 | 635 | 701.7 | … |
| 20 | 530.2 | 581 | 679.5 | 695.3 | 752.4 | … |
| 24 | 631.8 | 682.6 | 787.4 | 835 | 898.5 | … |
All values in millimeters
JACKETED GASKET
A Jacketed gasket features an inner soft material core and an outer metallic shell. The inner filler material provides resilience to the gasket, whereas the metal jacket protects the inner core of the gasket and withstands the pressure, the temperature, and the corrosion of the process.
The size range and thickness tolerances for this type of gaskets are covered by ASME B16.21 specification:
- OD: Less than 5,000mm
- Thickness: 2~8mm with tolerance +0.03 inch. to -0.000 inch (+0.8mm, -0.0mm)
Metal Jacket Materials
The table shows the most common metals used for jacketed gaskets and the recommended temperature range:
| Jacket Materials | Hardness HB | Temp.℃ |
| Carbon Steel | 90 | -60~+450 |
| 304 (L) | 130 | -270~+550 |
| 316 (L) | 130 | -270~+550 |
| 321 | 130 | -270~+550 |
| Monel | 110 | -60~+500 |
| Inconel | 90 | -60~+600 |
| AL | 30 | -250~+300 |
| CU | 80 | -250~+400 |
Inner Core Materials
Metal jacket gaskets have a soft inner core, which may be manufactured in materials as:
- Non-Asbestos millboard and other non-asbestos materials (aramid, glass fiber, inorganic fibers, etc)
- CAF
- Rubber
- PTFE
- Graphite
JACKETED GASKET TYPES
The two main types of metal jacketed gasket are the single and the double jacket designs. Besides these two basic types, other designs are available on the market as illustrated below:
|
|
JACKETED GASKET DIMENSIONS
Class 150-400
Jacketed gasket dimension
| NPS | d1 | d2 | ||
| 150 | 300 | 400 | ||
| 1/2 | 23.8 | 44.5 | 50.8 | 50.8 |
| 3/4 | 31.8 | 54 | 63.5 | 63.5 |
| 1 | 36.5 | 63.5 | 69.9 | 69.9 |
| 1¼ | 46 | 73 | 79.4 | 79.4 |
| 1½ | 52.4 | 82.6 | 92.1 | 92.1 |
| 2 | 73.2 | 101.6 | 108 | 108 |
| 2½ | 85.9 | 120.6 | 127 | 127 |
| 3 | 107.8 | 133.4 | 146.1 | 146.1 |
| 4 | 131.8 | 171.5 | 177.8 | 174.7 |
| 5 | 152.4 | 193.8 | 212.8 | 209.5 |
| 6 | 190.5 | 219.1 | 247.7 | 244.5 |
| 8 | 238.3 | 276.3 | 304.8 | 301.7 |
| 10 | 285.8 | 336.6 | 358.8 | 355.6 |
| 12 | 342.9 | 406.4 | 419.1 | 415.9 |
| 14 | 374.7 | 447.7 | 482.6 | 479.5 |
| 16 | 425.5 | 511.2 | 536.6 | 533.4 |
| 18 | 489 | 546.1 | 593.7 | 590.6 |
| 20 | 533.4 | 603.3 | 650.9 | 644.5 |
| 24 | 641.4 | 714.4 | 771.6 | 765.3 |
| NPS | d1 | 150 | 300 | 400 |
Class 600-2500
Jacketed gasket dimensions for AMSE B16.5 flanges
| NPS | d1 | d2 | |||
| 600 | 900 | 1500 | 2500 | ||
| 1/2 | 23.8 | 50.8 | 60.4 | 60.4 | 66.8 |
| 3/4 | 31.8 | 63.5 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 73.1 |
| 1 | 36.5 | 69.9 | 76.2 | 76.2 | 82.5 |
| 1¼ | 46 | 79.4 | 85.8 | 85.8 | 101.6 |
| 1½ | 52.4 | 92.1 | 95.3 | 95.3 | 114.3 |
| 2 | 73.2 | 108 | 139.7 | 139.7 | 143 |
| 2½ | 85.9 | 127 | 161.9 | 161.9 | 165.1 |
| 3 | 107.8 | 146.1 | 165.1 | 171.5 | 193.8 |
| 4 | 131.8 | 190.5 | 203.2 | 206.5 | 231.9 |
| 5 | 152.4 | 238.2 | 244.6 | 250.9 | 276.3 |
| 6 | 190.5 | 263.6 | 285.8 | 279.4 | 314.5 |
| 8 | 238.3 | 317.5 | 355.6 | 349.3 | 384.3 |
| 10 | 285.8 | 396.9 | 431.8 | 431.8 | 473.2 |
| 12 | 342.9 | 454.1 | 495.3 | 517.6 | 546.1 |
| 14 | 374.7 | 489 | 517.6 | 574.7 | … |
| 16 | 425.5 | 562 | 571.5 | 638.2 | … |
| 18 | 489 | 609.6 | 635 | 701.8 | … |
| 20 | 533.4 | 679.5 | 695.5 | 752.5 | … |
| 24 | 641.4 | 787.4 | 835.1 | 898.6 | … |
HOW TO ORDER A METAL JACKETED GASKET
The following information should be provided to the gasket supplier to order a jacket-gasket properly:
- Outside diameter
- Inside diameter (NPS)
- Shape per standard index
- Type Number
- Thickness
- Materials (metal or metal filler)
- Bar size
- Radii
- Distance from the centerline of the gasket to the centerline of bars
Graphite High-strengthen Composite Gasket
1. Made of die cutting the metal-strengthening expansion graphite slab and can be processed to be internal wrapped border and external wrapped border. The general thickness is 1.5mm, 3.0mm, 2.0mm, 4.0mm .
operation temperature:
- Wrapped PTFE: –200–200℃.
- Carbons Steel: 10–450℃
- SS304: -240–560℃
- SS316: -200–870℃
2. Application:
has very good sealing performance, low preloaded pressure, and not sticking to the flange sealing surface; used in the flange surface sealing of pipeline, valve, pump, pressure containers, heat exchanger, and reaction cauldron, etc. The film sticking PTEE can be used in food, pure water, and pharmacy sections.
 |
3. Technique Specification:
1). Working temperature: -200℃~650℃
2). Working pressure: 6.4~10.0MPa
3). Min. Pre-tightening specific pressure: y=30MPa
4). Gasket coefficient: m=2
5). Max.machinable size: ~2100mm
1. Process the metal flat gasket to teeth-shaped metal gasket of 90°contained angle. Internal and external positioning ring. To protect flange and ensure effective sealing, the surface sealing layer can be adhibited. The materials may be PTEE, graphite, and specially-processed silver and aluminum.
2. Choosing materials
Soft steel, copper, silver, stainless steel, chrome steel, Monel alloy steel, alloy aluminum and other metal slabs or sticks are processed to be ring teeth-shaped surface after mechanical processing.
 |
3. Relevant data
Maximum operation pressure: 250Kg/cm3
Minimum preloaded specific pressure: y＞Kg/cm3700 Kg/m3
Gasket Coefficient : m ＞4.25
Maximum processing dimension: 3000MM
4. Application range
Steam dynamo of power plant (or nuclear power plant), heat exchanger gasket or fully-sealing gasket of shipping dynamo and manhole gasket can be used in the high temperature and high pressure of chemical industry.
5. Production reference (mm)
Outer diameter of gasket thickness T chimb thickness t distance between tooth peak P
|
BELOW 100
|
3.0
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
|
100—250
|
4.5
|
3.0
|
1.0
|
|
250—630
|
6.0
|
4.5
|
1.0
|
|
630–1600
|
8.0
|
6.0
|
1.0
|
6. Others:
the contact with other sealing surfaces is linear contact of many concentric circles, so very high pressing force is not needed to ensure good sealing, but the roughness of the sealing surface should be over Ra1.6um.
|
1. Composite gasket of cladding other non-metal metal with PTFE, which does not only have the chemistry repellence performance of PTFE, but also have good tensile performance due to its core materials. It is indispensable in chemical industry and chemical devices.
2. Application:
3. Temperature: -200—250℃
4. Types
5. Other Technique Specification: |
PTFE Gasket
PTFE gasket is manufactured by molding method with PTFE granular resin. PTFE compared with other plastics, has a superior properties against chemicals and temperature.
Because of such excellent properties, PTFE has a wide application as a sealing material.
|
Specifications
|
No. |
Type |
Standard |
Type |
Standard |
|
1 |
RF 10A |
Φ53×Φ18×3t |
FF 10A |
Φ90×Φ18×3t |
|
2 |
RF 15A |
Φ58×Φ22×3t |
FF 15A |
Φ95×Φ22×3t |
|
3 |
RF 20A |
Φ63×Φ28×3t |
FF 20A |
Φ100×Φ28×3t |
|
4 |
RF 25A |
Φ74×Φ35×3t |
FF 25A |
Φ125×Φ35×3t |
|
5 |
RF 32A |
Φ84×Φ43×3t |
FF 32A |
Φ135×Φ43×3t |
|
6 |
RF 40A |
Φ89×Φ49×3t |
FF 40A |
Φ140×Φ49×3t |
|
7 |
RF 50A |
Φ104×Φ61×3t |
FF 50A |
Φ155×Φ61×3t |
|
8 |
RF 65A |
Φ124×Φ77×3t |
FF 65A |
Φ175×Φ77×3t |
|
9 |
RF 80A |
Φ134×Φ90×3t |
FF 80A |
Φ185×Φ90×3t |
|
10 |
RF 90A |
Φ144×Φ102×3t |
FF 90A |
Φ195×Φ102×3t |
|
11 |
RF 100A |
Φ159×Φ115×3t |
FF 100A |
Φ210×Φ115×3t |
|
12 |
RF 125A |
Φ190×Φ141×3t |
FF 125A |
Φ250×Φ141×3t |
|
13 |
RF 150A |
Φ220×Φ167×3t |
FF 150A |
Φ280×Φ167×3t |
|
14 |
RF 200A |
Φ270×Φ218×3t |
FF 175A |
Φ305×Φ192×3t |
|
15 |
RF 225A |
Φ290×Φ244×3t |
FF 200A |
Φ330×Φ218×3t |
|
16 |
RF 250A |
Φ333×Φ270×3t |
FF 250A |
Φ400×Φ270×3t |
|
17 |
RF 300A |
Φ378×Φ321×3t |
FF 300A |
Φ445×Φ321×3t |
|
18 |
RF 350A |
Φ423×Φ359×3t |
FF 350A |
Φ490×Φ359×3t |
|
19 |
RF 400A |
Φ486×Φ410×3t |
FF 400A |
Φ560×Φ410×3t |
|
20 |
RF 450A |
Φ541×Φ460×3t |
FF 450A |
Φ620×Φ460×3t |
|
21 |
RF 500A |
Φ596×Φ513×3t |
FF 500A |
Φ675×Φ513×3t |
|
22 |
RF 600A |
Φ700×Φ615×3t |
FF 550A |
Φ745×Φ564×3t |
|
|
|
|
FF 600A |
Φ795×Φ615×3t |
Main properties
|
Properties |
Unit |
Result |
|
Apparent density |
g/cm3 |
2.10-2.30 |
|
Tensile strength (min) |
MPa |
15.0 |
|
Ultimate elongation (min)(min) |
% |
150 |
Corrugated Gasket
|
1. Reprocess the metal gasket to be wave-shaped (mechanical punching)
3. Thickness:
4. Application: |
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Source: China Gaskets Manufacturer – Yaang Pipe Industry (www.steeljrv.com)
(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)
If you want to have more information about the article or you want to share your opinion with us, contact us at sales@steeljrv.com
Please notice that you might be interested in the other technical articles we’ve published:
• How to get high quality Gaskets
• How to install gaskets correctly
• A Simple Introduction to Graphite Gaskets
• What Are A, B, C, D , R, RIR, CG and CGI Types for Spiral Wound Gaskets
References:
- www.projectmaterials.com
